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Genetically modified maize, can it be trusted? In a world with a constantly growing population there is a need to find a way to cultivate enough food for everyone and one of the things that might help with that is genetically modified crops. Genetic modification means that a trait has been given to a plant that it does not normally have. These traits can be resistance to a pest, disease or an her
Dispersal is of prime importance for many evolutionary processes and has been studied for decades. The reproductive consequences of dispersal have proven difficult to study, simply because it is difficult to keep track of dispersing individuals. In most previous studies evaluating the fitness effects of dispersal, immigrants at a study locality have been lumped into one category and compared to ph
The energy efficiency and thermal performance of highly glazed office buildings are often questioned. However, nowadays glazed buildings are increasingly being built around the world, mainly due to an architectural trend, followed by the preference of companies to a distinctive image that a glazed office building can provide. Due to insufficient knowledge concerning the performance as to energy us
Abstract The majority of airborne particles in residences, when expressed as number concentrations, are generated by the residents themselves, through combustion/thermal related activities. These particles have a considerably smaller diameter than 2.5 μm and, due to the combination of their small size, chemical composition (e.g. soot) and intermittently very high concentrations, should be regard
Increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) associated with personal history of several autoimmune diseases (ADs), such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, are known. Whether there are other HL-related ADs and whether the increased risk of HL after ADs holds across sex, age, year of diagnosis, or HL histological subtype is unclear. W
A method for the quantitative determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in sewage sludge was developed and validated. The target compounds were extracted using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) and then purified and preconcentrated by three-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) followed by LC-ESI-MS analysis. The PHWE was optimized with regard to the
Background: Inflammatory cytokines are linked to obesity-related insulin resistance and may predict type 2 diabetes independently of obesity. We previously reported that a majority of a cohort of 73 non-diabetic women with normal plasma (p-) glucose with Amerindian heritage in Lima, Peru, during a 5-year period increased both body weight and p-glucose levels, yet p-insulin was unaltered. A high pr
Abstract Treatment of chronic inflammatory arthritis has undergone major changes over the past years following introduction of targeted biological therapies. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blocking therapy has been the most important biological treatment of chronic arthritis to date. The overall objective of this thesis was to develop a new assessment method of efficacy of biological therapy in clin
På senare år har sjukdomspanoramat för hjärtsjukdomar förändrats, med sjunkande insjuknande och dödlighet i hjärtinfarkt men stigande insjuknande i förmaksflimmer och hjärtsvikt. Förmaksflimmer är den vanligaste hjärtrytmrubbningen och medför ökad risk för uppkomst av blodproppar i hjärtat som kan resultera i stroke, demens och förtida död. Symptom på förmaksflimmer är hjärtklappning, trötthet, anBackground: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and increases in prevalence. As AF confers increased risk of morbidity, stroke, dementia and mortality, a major objective of cardiovascular epidemiology today is the development of tools for prediction and prevention of AF and its consequences. Although AF has traditionally been considered a non-heritable disease,
Background: Although case-control studies have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer, the clinical role of these SNPs remains unclear. Objective: Evaluate previously identified SNPs for association with prostate cancer and accuracy in predicting prostate cancer in a large prospective population-based cohort of unscreened men. Design, setting, an
Background: Early childhood environmental exposures, possibly infections, may be responsible for triggering islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) follows children with increased HLA-related genetic risk for future T1D. TEDDY asks parents to prospectively record the child's infections using a diary book. The pres
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are expressed in the plasma membrane of muscles, neurons and endocrine cells where they serve as conductors of signals regulating cellular responses to changes in environment. Malfunctions of channels, as well as deregulations of their activity underlie numerous disorders and diseases commonly called channelopathies. In β-cells Ca2+ channels are central players f
Tolerance is crucial for maintaining immunological balance and avoid autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and the inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC). In Study I, we have investigated the regulatory role of a class of noncoding RNAs, the miRNAs, during thymocyte development of the where central tolerance is established. We used the non-obese diabetic mouse (NOD) which is spon
The reactor containment is one of the most important buildings at a nuclear power plant. In case of an accident the containment wall is the final protection against radioactive leakage to the surrounding environment. A reactor containment contains different types of concrete structures. They can be grouped as external structures constituting a barrier between the inside of the containment and the
Medications are of considerable help if healthcare providers are able to administer them to patients safely and appropriately. The medication use process is complex and a team of professionals – doctors, nurses, and pharmacists – work together with the patient for optimal treatment effect. The process involves many sub-processes and in every step there is a possibility for an error. Cytotoxic drug
Background: Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics is considered to be the most important reason for development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. As antibiotic resistance may spread across borders, high prevalence countries may serve as a source of bacterial resistance for countries with a low prevalence. Therefore, bacterial resistance is an important issue with a potential serious
