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Internationalization processes of transnational corporations are found to emerge in a stepwise manner. Companies commit themselves through a gradual learning process. Information costs and search costs as well as perceived risks are higher in international than domestic investments (Caves 1982:68-73). Companies tend first to establish themselves in geographically and culturally proximate markets a

In order to investigate the relation between literature and television, one must consider how the influence goes both ways. The chapter accordingly investigates how contemporary literature reflects on, imitates and remediates modern television series. Drawing on theoretical approaches by Jim Collins and Jason Mittell, I analyse Mark Z. Danielewski’s serial novel The Familiar, which mimics and invo

Big Science is costly and complex, and historical evidence seems to suggest that projects often get delayed and more expensive than planned. On the basis of several studies of large infrastructures such as railroads and bridges, the Danish geographer Bent Flyvbjerg has proposed that there is an “iron law” of megaprojects, meaning that they almost without exception turn out more expensive and more

Immigration status as a ground of making distinctions that might be in violation of the right to non-discrimination, is conceptually underdeveloped. This gap is addressed by explaining how the European Court of Human Rights has chosen to use arguments shaped by factual and legal/normative elements to reason under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights. One such argument concerns the

Collaboration between public and private partners is often seen as an important tool and is used by public authorities to handle many different problems in society, including public transport. In both research and practice, it is common to find exhortations to increase collaboration and suggestions on how to improve it and make it successful. However, in this chapter, we adopt a critical approach

In this chapter, the authors summarize the current knowledge of possible trigger(s) of p-cell autoimmunity and factors affecting the progression to the clinical onset in individuals who have developed one or more p-cell autoantibodies. Testing islet autoantibodies at random or in select populations such as schoolchildren should inform about the epidemiology of autoimmune islet disease and what to

In Sweden, the pedagogical training of doctoral students varies significantly across universities. While most institutions include at least one mandatory course in higher education teaching and learning, some programs lack this requirement entirely. Whether doctoral students are encouraged or even allowed to take multiple pedagogical courses also varies greatly. This paper explores the benefits o

An increased use of the Internet has created new business opportunities. The development of e-commerce has, however, been crippled by a limited understanding of logistics and customer needs. This paper sets out to highlight those issues in pharmaceutical retail where added services should be created through e-commerce. The research is based upon a case study covering the pharmaceutical system in S