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The presence of HLA haplotype DR3-DQ2 or DR4-DQ8 is associated with an increased risk of celiac disease. In addition, nearly all children with celiac disease have serum antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG).

Popular Abstract in Icelandic Við könnumst flest öll við prótín (eggjahvítuefni) af innihaldslýsingu hvers kyns matvæla. En prótín eru annað og meira en bara orkugjafi. Prótín gegna fjölmörgum veigamiklum hlutverkum í nær öllum líffræðilegum ferlum. Þau hraða ýmsum efnahvörfum, flytja efni í gegnum frumuhimnur, aðstoða við boðskipti bæði innan og á milli fruma, og gegna mikilvægu hlutverki í starfAlthough organisms have evolved sophisticated cellular mechanisms for regulating their various protein networks, proteins sometimes start to clump together in an uncontrolled way. The aggregation of proteins has been associated with a range of serious diseases. In this thesis we develop and apply theoretical computer models to investigate different aspects of the aggregation process, and its under

The poor healing capacity of the anterior cruciate ligament and the development of postoperative adhesions, restricting tendon gliding, are two important clinical problems regarding different, although related, aspects of posttraumatic connective tissue reactions. The aim of this study was to gain more knowledge about the process of ligament and tendon healing at the cell and molecular levels and

In this work, various aspects of multivariate monitoring and control of wastewater treatment operation are discussed. A number of important difficulties face operators and process engineers when handling online measurements from wastewater treatment processes. These include, for instance, a high number of correlated measurement variables, non-stationarities, nonlinearities and multiscale process b

Wound healing is a multistep process with an initial inflammatory response, followed by synthesis of extracellular matrix components and finalized by a repair phase. One main goal was to determine the impact and adhesive mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment in anastomotic healing in the colon. Passive immunization against CD18 abolished anastomotic accumulation of neutrophils, whereas no effect on

The elastic pressure-volume (Pel-V) curve of the respiratory system can be used as a guide for improved ventilator management. It may indicate risks of lung damage associated with collapse or overdistension of lung units. The work described in this thesis was aimed at developing methods for the determination and characterisation of the Pel-V curve under static and dynamic conditions and at a bette

The aim of this thesis was to develop and test the feasibility of a dietary record routine, where nursing staff assess the patient’s food and fluid intake based on standardised portion sizes and household measurements. The energy intake (EI) was studied with a dietary record in 61 geriatric patients. During the 6-month follow-up 11 patients died and an EI below median (1378 kcal) was associated w

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive form of B-cell lymphoma (BCL) with poor clinical outcome. In this thesis, which is based upon five original papers, different approaches have been used to pinpoint and investigate molecular events that promote MCL tumor growth, progression or resistance to treatment. The aim has been to identify novel targets with the potential to eradicate malignant cel

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is associated with various pathophysiological conditions in the lower urinary tract. The aims of this thesis have been to investigate the regulation of iNOS in bladder smooth muscle cells and the consequences on neuromuscular regulation, cell growth and differentiation. Primary cultures of rat bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMC) expressed iNOS mRNA

Many microorganisms have developed mechanisms to protect themselves against attack from the complement system of the host. One possible mechanism for a microorganism to evade complement attack is to bind a human complement regulator, which may allow the microorganism to down-regulate complement activation. This thesis describes studies of such interactions between human C4b-binding protein (C4BP),

The word sustainability is more and more frequently used within the field of chemistry and in many other fields. Green or sustainable chemistry was introduced during the 90 ́s as a field of chemistry where the environmental and health impacts of processes and products are evaluated and improved. Within analytical chemistry the awareness of sustainability has also increased, which has resulted in o

Pancreatic cancer includes multiple histologic subtypes that show large differences in their clinical and biological characteristics. Despite this diversity, more than 85% of the neoplasms in the organ are malignant ductal adenocarcinomas, which are the focus of the present thesis. At the genetic level this tumor type is characterized by highly rearranged karyotypes, resulting in a large number of

It is of vital importance to understand the systems for iron metabolism and this thesis contributes to this by providing insights into the structure and function of the acquisition and homeostasis of iron. The two proteins that have been primarily investigated are a ferric reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana called FRO2 and a mitochondrial iron chaperone from Saccharomyces cerevisiae called fratax

The calcium ion (Ca2+) is essential for all plant and animal life. One important function of Ca2+ is as a second messenger in the responses of the cell to environmental and hormonal signals as well as in some intrinsic developmental processes. The intracellular concentration of Ca2+ must be strictly regulated, since a high concentration of free cytosolic Ca2+ is toxic. All eukaryotic cells carry c

Congestive heart failure is accompanied with increased circulatory levels of several vasoregulatory neurotransmitters and hormones which affect the outcome of this disease. In this thesis the blood levels of several vasoactive peptides in humans with congestive heart failure and their effects on the vasculature by the use of an animal model of heart failure were studied. Patients with congestive

My thesis shows that enchytraeids and naidids are sensitive to various forms of environmental stress, which in combination with the wide distribution of both families make them highly suitable for use in risk assessment and soil monitoring. Enchytraeids were subject to chemical stress under both laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory experiments enchytraeids reacted to chemical stress with