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Modern societies have come to depend on certain vital services, such as electricity, transportation and information, and a loss of their continuous supply would affect the modern citizen far more than his or her 19th century counterpart (Boin et al., 2003). Past disruptive events have, furthermore, highlighted the existence of dependencies between the systems that sustain these services, commonly
The railway transport system has seen an increasing demand in recent years, while delays and missed punctuality goals continue to be problems in many countries. To improve punctuality, the amount of primary delays needs to be decreased, and knowledge of the shares of the different types of delay – entry, run, and dwell – is important to identify the most efficient countermeasures. This paper inves
Leaf Area Index (LAI) is quantity representing the amount of foliage in the canopy, which makes it an important parameter for analysing terrestrial ecosystems. Traditional methods of measuring LAI were done by analysing hemispherical photographs by hand and were very time consuming, requiring specific weather conditions (Jonckheere et al. 2004). Modern methods, including remote sensing, have much
Abstract is not available
