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This thesis reports experimental studies performed with two advanced coherent XUV sources with ultrashort pulse duration, high-order harmonic generation and seeded-free electron laser. High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is the generation of overtones of a fundamental laser pulse in a medium, e.g. noble gases. The emitted radiation has a high degree of transverse coherence, and pulse lengths in t
This thesis documents my work in the luminosity and supersymmetry groups of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The theory of supersymmetry and the concept of luminosity are introduced. The ATLAS experiment is described with special focus on a luminosity monitor called LUCID. A data-driven luminosity calibration method is presented and evaluated using the LUCID detector. This method
The aim of this dissertation was to examine whether the temporal distance of moral events affects the moral judgments and decisions people make in response to those events. Drawing upon Construal Level Theory (CLT; Trope & Liberman, 2003) which posits that the distant future is represented at a higher, more abstract level of mental construal than the near future, and that high-level mental con
Aqueous mixtures of hydrophobically modified polymers (HMP) with amylose have been investigated by rheology and 1H NMR. Amylose can cross-link HMP chains by forming single-helical inclusion complexes with the hydrophobic side chains of the HMP, leading to thermoreversible, elastic, and thixotropic gels at ambient temperatures. The complexation ability, the strength of the association, and the visc
In this thesis, two potential endogenous mechanisms for neuronal survival and repair have been investigated in a rat model of stroke, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO): signaling of the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors, and neurogenesis from endogenous progenitor cells. As determined by in situ hybridization for GDNF family ligand and receptor genes, MCAO caused widespread upregulation o
Hyaluronan has been found in the eye in varying amounts and at different sites. It is involved in physiological and pathological processes, though many aspects of its bio-logi-cal functions are still unclear. We have studied the role of iris tissue in hyal-uro-nan production in the anterior segment of the eye, and its changes after trauma. After peripheral iridectomy or argon laser treatment, the
Organic acid anhydrides (OAAs) are low molecular weight chemicals used in the industry for manufacturing of plastics such as epoxy resins. Exposure to these chemicals may lead to symptoms from the eyes and the respiratory tract in form of conjunctivitis, rhinitis and asthma. In many workers production of specific IgE antibodies are induced suggesting that a type-1 allergy mediated mechanism is inv
Electrostatic interactions in bio-molecular systems are important not only in the living cell but also in more technical applications. Using molecular simulation as well as approximate theories the properties of a number of aqueous protein solutions have been studied. This includes interactions with other proteins, protons, charged membranes as well as flexible polyelectrolytes. The focus is on el
A thorough physical-chemical characterisation of alkylglycosides has been performed. The effects of temperature, salt, concentration and deuterium exchange on the self-aggregation of n-nonyl-b-D-glucoside (b-C9G1) and n-tetradecyl-b-D-maltoside (b-C14G2) have been studied in dilute solutions by static and dynamic light scattering, neutron scattering, rheology, capillary viscometry and tensiometry.
Thermal radiation is an important physical phenomenon in combustion environments. For the understanding of existing- and the design of new combustion environments computational modelling is a useful tool as it can describe the different transport phenomena. This thesis has focused on studying thermal radiative property models of the participating media, gases and particles. Two specific combustion
The diagnostic value of modern fast pulse sequences and breath-hold technique was evaluated in a prospective study of patients with suspected biliary diseases. The cost-effectiveness of MRI compared to ultrasound was calculated. Characteristics of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis were evaluated, the appearance of bile in MRCP with reference to its chemical and physical properties was studied, a
My identity in the eyes of myself and others [translated title]. The purpose of this study was to examine how teenage girls experience their identities and how it is constructed and influenced by external factors. It was also an attempt to illustrate how mass media and social media like Facebook and blogs can be elements in the construction of identities. Berger and Luckmann‟s social construction
Popular science Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are a versatile group of non-methane hydrocarbons (chemical compounds made of carbon and hydrogen) emitted by vegetation. The most common BVOCs from plants are some chemical compounds like isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. BVOCs are involved in plant growth, reproduction and defense mechanisms. Besides, BVOC play an important rol
The external ventricular drain (EVD) is an important instrument in the management of neuro-intensive care patients through its ability to meassure intracranial pressure and to treat increased intracranial pressure by drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, EVDs are associated with the risk of external ventricular drain related infection (EVDRI). EVDRI diagnosis is challenging as symtoms an
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was studied in cytosolic and particulate fractions in reproductive organs from rabbit (uterus and vagina) and rat (uterus, vagina and cervix). NOS was found predominantly in cytosolic fractions in all tissues and the activity of NOS in both fractions was highly Ca2+ dependent. NOS activity in vagina and cervix were much higher (3-6-fold) than in the uterus. Est
Macroporous hydrogels are regarded as interesting materials both within biotechnology and biomedicine due to their properties. These materials can be prepared from a wide range of synthetic or naturally occurring compounds using a number of different techniques for their production. For this thesis, cryostructuring was used to prepare macroporous hydrogels, often named cryogels. The work utilized
Chlorinated fatty acids (ClFAs) are the major contributors of extractable, organically bound chlorine in fish lipids. A known anthropogenic source of ClFAs is chlorine bleached pulp production. Additional anthropogenic sources may exist, e.g., chlorine-containing discharge from industrial and house-hold waste and they may also occur naturally. ClFAs have a wide geographic distribution. They have,
