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Patients who are incompetent need a surrogate decision maker to make treatment decisons on their behalf. One of the main ethical questions that arise in this context is what standard ought to govern such decision making. According to the Substituted Judgment Standard (SJS), a surrogate ought to make the decision that the patient would have made, had he or she been competent. Although this standard
Just peace has been much talked about in everyday life, but it is less well researched by academics. The puzzle underlying this dissertation is therefore to probe what constitutes a just peace, both conceptually within the field of peacebuilding and empirically in the context of the EU as a peacebuilder in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The EU has used the term just peace in many of its most
Cavitation is a problem in many hydroelectric power plants since it can cause adverse effects on performance and damage to nearby solid surfaces. The concerns of this thesis are the numerical aspects of flow simulations in cavitating hydraulic turbines which contain several difficulties: turbulent and complex flows, steady and moving parts of the geometry, bubble transport and cavitation developme
In navigable waterways, owing to the relatively short fetches for wind wave generation, the free waves generated by moving vessels often produce the dominant wave action with respect to erosion of the shore. In response to the fairly recent introduction of high-speed ferries, combined with a planned expansion within the passenger- and car-carrying ship market, the need to model and predict coastli
An increasing number of market- and technology-driven software development companies face the challenge of managing several thousands of requirements written in natural language. The large number of requirements causes bottlenecks in the requirements management process and calls for increased efficiency in requirements engineering. This thesis presents results from empirical investigations of usi
Modeling and simulation are established techniques for solving design problems in a wide range of engineering disciplines today. Dedicated computer languages, such as Modelica, and efficient software tools are available. In this thesis, an extension of Modelica, Optimica, targeted at dynamic optimization of Modelica models is proposed. In order to demonstrate the Optimica extension, supporting sof
This thesis argues that the Western thinking of political community has assumed the community to require a unity or unifying principle that serves as delineation. It suggests that sameness, reflected in history, space, language, or reason, has been assumed as the condition of possibility of the political community. Consequently, a particular identity is made a prerequisite for membership and vouch
This thesis proposes the use of two concepts: accessibility and chemical activity. Accessibility describes the mass quantity of PAHs that is or can become available within a given time span and under given conditions. Chemical activity quantifies the energetic state of the PAHs that determines the potential for spontaneous physicochemical processes, such as diffusion and partitioning. Chemical act
Peptostreptococcus magnus and group C/G streptococci are Gram-positive cocci that are part of the normal flora and reside in more or less the same locations in the host. Protein G of group C/G streptococci was originally described as binding IgGFc of several species and later shown to also bind human serum albumin and albumins from various animal species. From albumin-binding strains of P. magnus
This thesis consists of three papers in which different topics in spaces of analytic functions are considered. These papers are: I. "Estimates in Möbius Invariant Spaces of Analytic Functions." II. "Preduals of Q_p-spaces and Carleson Embeddings of Weighted Dirichlet Spaces." III. "On the Spectrum of the Cesàro Operator on Spaces of Analytic Functions." The first two papers are closely related
The intention of this dissertation is to provide a portrait of Hilding Rosenberg´s musical work "The Revelation of S:t John" (1940), for a large orchestra, chorus and recitation (recitative), through illuminating the work´s history of origin and basic literary and musical structure. As a composition initially intended for broadcast over the radio, the form and content of "The Revelation of S:t Joh
The present thesis describes development of a microdispenser-based technique to create of protein patterns for neurite guidance. The same technique was also developed to allow direct positioning of dissociated cells, including neurons, on cell culture substrates. Finally the role of galectin-3 and 8 during nerve regeneration was investigated. The thesis consists of four papers (I-IV). Microdispen
This thesis treats the development of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) methods, principally for the analysis of light elements at a nuclear microprobe (NMP). The light elements are in this context defined as those with an atomic number Z of less than approximately 13 (aluminium). The work reported is to a large extent based upon multiparameter methods. Several signals are acquired simultaneously, and the d
IT has direct and observable positive effects for consumers. For firms, the situation is somewhat different, because efficiencies generated by publicly available technology tend to be competed away. Therefore, researchers from the strategy field and students of information systems have concluded that for firms, the opportunity lies in using IT better than competitors rather than in the technology
This thesis, which consists of three studies illustrating different angles of approach, discusses problems pertaining to accounting and allocation costs in municipal water and sewage enterprises. Water and sewage enterprises are financed by charges to users, and are generally run under the auspices of a municipal administration or within the framework of a municipal company. User fees are regulat
Membrane proteins are fairly refractory to digestion especially by trypsin. Less specific proteases like elastase and pepsin are much more effective. However database searching using non-tryptic peptides is much less effective due to the lack of charge localisation at the N- and C-termini and the absence of sequence specificity. We describe a method for N-terminal specific labelling of peptides fr
