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It is difficult for states to cooperate on issues related to international peace and security. Yet, ever since 1970, the EU member states have succeeded to gradually intensify their foreign policy cooperation and increasingly act in unison towards the rest of the world. This PhD thesis seeks an explanation to this trend. It does so by initially painting a picture of when, in time, the volume and c
The drying of a porous material occurs in two different periods: the constant rate period and the falling rate period. During the constant rate period, the drying rate is determined by the external conditions regarding heat and mass transfer, and the drying rate is not influenced by the properties of the drying material. During the falling rate period, the material properties, such as the transpor
This thesis deals with radio wave propagation in environments where the propagation is severely influenced by surrounding objects, mainly walls and other building structures. As an introduction, a brief description is given on propagation terms like loss, delay and dispersion along with system functions relevant for the topic. The focus is then placed on propagation from an outdoor transmitter to
The aim of the thesis is to contribute to knowledge about experience and perceptions of reading that students at a school of education have, from early reading experiences in childhood, to the encounter with reading in context of their teacher training. The following overarching questions were asked: What aspects of narratives appear to be significant in the students’ reading trajectories? Which a
A search for new physics using events with a single photon and missing energy has been made at the DELPHI experiment together with a search for charginos. The results were based on data collected up to and including the final year of 2000. An integrated luminosity of 650 pb^-1 was used in the single photon analysis and 450 pb^-1 in the chargino search. Center-of-mass energies up to 209 GeV were ex
This dissertation addresses the design of value productive episodes at the customer/firm boundary. Its purpose is: To provide perspective and help articulate strategies for increasing precision of the design of interactive marketing and value productive efforts at firm/customer boundaries. Many observers, thinkers and practitioners of marketing and management are: (1) Struggling to comprehend and
Consumers today are constantly showered with a vast array of different messages about what and how they should and should not eat in order to lead a healthy life. This bombardment has escalated over the last decades as various actors, such as representatives from the medical community and public policy makers, have increasingly stressed the connections between individuals’ food consumption habits
In this thesis, methods to determine the static postbuckling behaviour of elastic structures undergoing large deformations, are considered and developed. Since the governing non-linear equations usually becomes too complex to be handled analytically, the main focus has been on developing methods that can be incorporated into a numerical solution scheme, such as the finite element method. First me
The German poet Jacob Balde (1604-1668) chose a biblical human sacrifice as subject for his tragedy "Jephtias" intended to be performed at a Jesuit school. Jephthah, the judge, had to sacrifice his own daughter due to a vow given before the war against the Ammonites. Balde uses this topic to exemplify Jesuit virtues such as obedience, ability to handle one's emotions and readiness to sacrifice one
The aim of this study was to expand our understanding of the processes of institutionalisation both within and between organisational fields. This was done by tracing an idea – the idea of quality assurance – through the process of institutionalisation in the health care sector. The new institutional theory, which focuses on the relation between organisations and the institutions they are consider
This thesis treats the problem of transient electromagnetic pulse propagation in temporally dispersive media. The analysis is performed using time-domain techniques. In particular, the dispersive wave splitting which decouples the Maxwell equations both in vacuum and inside the medium is utilized. Complex time-dependent electromagnetic fields are introduced. These fields simplify the Maxwell equat
This dissertation aims to explore and describe ageing and old age from an ethnological perspective and create a deeper understanding of the complex nature of ageing by focusing on how cultural concepts and the ageing body together shape the experiences of old age. The theoretical basis is a phenomenological perspective, highlighting the relation between the body and the materiality of everyday lif
The main part of the thesis is concerned with charge photogeneration in conjugated polymers. MeLPPP and POMeOPT films were investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy using different excitation photon energies and light intensities with and without an external electric field. We conclude that electric field-assisted charge pair photogeneration occurs from vibrationally relaxed singlet excito
Investigations of astrophysical spectra require accurate atomic data, such as wavelengths and transition probabilities. This thesis provides high-precision atomic data for astrophysical and cosmological applications. The measurements have been carried out using Fourier transform spectrometry on light produced in a hollow cathode light source. The variability of fundamental constants is investigat
