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This thesis has evaluated the immunological- and epidemiological aspects of human papillomavirus transmission dynamics and its effect on circumcision. Effective prophylactic vaccines are based on type-specific neutralizing antibodies. A major neutralizing epitope is defined by the monoclonal antibody H16.V5. To investigate the importance of this epitope for overall immunogenicity of HPV16, we en

Objective The aim of this study was to establish when a second-stage diagnostic test may be of value in cases where a primary diagnostic test has given an uncertain diagnosis of the benign or malignant nature of an adnexal mass. Methods The diagnostic performance with regard to discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses for mathematical models including ultrasound variables and for

Chordoma is a rare, low- to intermediate-grade malignant tumor involving the axial spine. Cytogenetic data on these tumors have been limited to 25 cases. The findings of clonal chromosome aberrations in five new cases are presented. One of these and two previously reported cases have been studied with multicolor combined binary ratio labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization (COBRA-FISH). The ka

The toll-like receptors, TLR5 and TLR7, have recently been proposed in asthma immunopathogenesis. While supporting data come from animal or in vitro studies, little is known about TLR5 and TLR7 expression in human asthmatic airways.

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma has in general a poor prognosis since the vast majority of tumors are genomically unstable and clinically highly aggressive. This results in rapid progression of malignancy potential while still asymptomatic and thus in late diagnosis. It is therefore of critical importance to develop methods to diagnose epithelial ovarian carcinoma at its earliest developmental stage,

Synergistic interplay between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV in coinfected ind-ividuals leads to the acceleration of both tuberculosis and HIVdisease. Mtb, as well as HIV, may modulate the function of many immune cells, including DCs. To dissect the bystander impact of Mfs infected with Mtb on DC functionality, we here investigated changes in DC phenotype, cytokine profiles, and HIV-1 tr

A prospective clinical cohort study was established to investigate the humoral immune response in middle ear fluids (MEF) and serum against bacterial surface proteins in children suffering from recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), using Luminex xMAP technology. The association between the humoral immune response and the presence of Moraxella catarrhali

The polymeric Ig receptor (PIgR) constitutes an important part of the immune system by mediating transcytosis of dimeric IgA into mucosal fluids. Although well studied in organs such as the intestine, the regulation and localization of PIgR in human kidney are incompletely characterized. Herein, using immunohistochemistry, we show that in healthy human kidneys, PIgR is expressed by the progenitor-

Motion is a major confound in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the body, and it is a common cause of image artefacts. The effects are particularly severe in cardiac applications, due to the nonrigid cyclical deformation of the myocardium. Spin echo-based DWI commonly employs gradient moment-nulling techniques to desensitise the acquisition to velocity and acceleration, ie, nulling gradient mome

Objective: To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2015 to June 2019 on the pathogenesis of otitis media. Bacteria, viruses and the role of the microbiome as well as the host response are discussed. Directions for future research are also suggested. Data sources: PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. Review methods: PubMed was searched for any papers pertaining

Lupus nephritis is a chronic autoimmune-inflammatory condition that can lead to end-stage kidney disease. Presently available immunosuppressive treatments for lupus nephritis are suboptimal and can induce significant side effects. Recently, we characterized a novel immunomodulatory activity of the minor isoform of the classical pathway complement inhibitor, C4BP(β-). We show here that C4BP(β-) tre

Carcinogen-DNA adducts result from the covalent interaction of electrophilic chemical carcinogens with nucleophilic sites in DNA. Some highly reactive genotoxic carcinogens are capable of directly binding to DNA but most carcinogens require metabolic activation. DNA adducts, if not repaired, can lead to mutations, and mutations in critical genes are a characteristic feature of tumors. Thus DNA add

Variability in disease severity caused by a microbial pathogen is impacted by each infection representing a unique combination of host and pathogen genomes. Here, we show that the outcome of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection is regulated by an interplay between human STING genotype and bacterial NADase activity. S. pyogenes-derived c-di-AMP diffuses via streptolysin O pores into macrophage

The European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT) strives to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) across all its activities. We surveyed the transplant community’s experiences and perspectives regarding EDI within ESOT as an organization and its educational activities, and research in general. A total of 299 respondents completed the questionnaire. About half agreed that ESOT’s Execut

Objective. Multicentre studies in molecular radiotherapy face challenges in ensuring the comparability of dosimetry results. The aim of this study was to develop a validation protocol to achieve equivalent 177Lu-SPECT quantification across centres, consisting of a test exercise in combination with an action level. Approach. 177Lu-SPECT/CT imaging of 3D-printed kidney phantoms with non-uniform acti

Objective: To evaluate the effects of excluding fatty tissue in QSM of human knee cartilage. Materials and methods: Gradient echo images from 18 knee-healthy volunteers were acquired, from which chemical shift corrected field perturbation maps were calculated. Based on these, QSM maps were reconstructed using morphology enabled dipole inversion and one of three masking alternatives: (1) excluding

S100A8 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases and multiple types of cancer. Therefore, targeting the S100A8 function may alleviate the pathogenic process in various diseases. Here, specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies targeting recombinant S100A8 (rS100A8) were selected by phage display technique and characterized using cDNA sequencing, immu

Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection and soluble egg antigens (SEA) can induce various immune responses, including the generation of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs). This study investigated the dynamic changes and induction mechanisms of Bregs during S. japonicum infection. We demonstrated that CD19+IL-10+Bregs and CD19+Tim-1+ Bregs secreting IL-10 gradually increased from 6 t

The last decade has witnessed a revolution in genetic technology, where genome-wide analyses, covering the majority of genetic variation, were thought to explain disease-causing mechanisms in common metabolic disorders. However, these genetic data only explain a modest proportion of the estimated heritability of type 2 diabetes and obesity and hence suggest a potential role for epigenetic variatio