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This essay describes the will of states to cooperate in organizations so that they can respond towards relative power changes between them. The focus of the essay is Russia’s interests to cooperate in Central Asia in the organization Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). I use Kenneth Waltz theory about defensive realism and Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye’s theory about interdependence to descri
It has been a mystery that the detected fluorescence intensity of single MEH-PPV molecules is much lower than expected based on their chain length. In this review, after re-evaluating of the literature data in the light of new specially designed experiments, we present a comprehensive explanation of this issue: The actual size of MEH-PPV molecules at single molecule level is much smaller than expe
In the transition to more sustainable regional economies, the widespread adoption of green technologies is crucial. However, little is known about the geography of green technology adoption and the relationship between regional demand and supply of green technologies. In this paper, we shed light on the (regional) factors explaining whether innovation adopters use green technologies that have been
Impulsive noise is one of the most challenging forms of interference in an underwater acoustic environment. In this paper, we present an underwater acoustic channel deconvolution method based on a sparse representation framework. The application of the method enables a channel impulse response reconstruction that is robust to impulsive noise. By exploiting the inherent structure in the channel res
Globalization has led to the emergence of global value chains (GVCs) and most of the world’s trade is now in intermediate inputs. This has raised questions about employment in GVCs and attracted the interest of researchers and policymakers alike, but is difficult to study empirically. This paper investigates job creation in simple and complex GVCs for 43 economies between 2000 and 2014 on the basi
Studies of the relationship between sexual traits and immune function have been at the forefront of sexual selection during the last decade. Whereas evidence is accumulating that there is a trade-off between sexual ornamentation and immunocompetence, the reasons for this trade-off are still unknown. Importantly, most studies have addressed this issue only at the adult stage, when sexual ornamentat
Palynological studies on the Vitaback Clay help resolve the position of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in southern Sweden. Well-preserved assemblages of terrestrial pollen and spores, together with abundant algae (Botrycoccus), and for the first time, dinoflagellates have been identified in the Vitaback Clay. A Berriasian age is corroborated for the Vitaback Clay based on the palynological data;
The middle Cambrian Lejopyge laevigata Zone is poorly exposed in Scandinavia. Both this zone, however, and the succeeding Agnostus pisiformis Zone are well exposed at a classic locality at Gudhem, Vastergotland, south-central Sweden. The sequences consist of finely laminated alum shale with scattered stinkstone (orsten) lenses. Three measured and sampled sections yielded a diverse fossil fauna, do
This comparative volume examines the ways in which current controversies and political, legal, and social struggles for gender equality raise conceptual questions and challenge our thinking on political theories of equality, citizenship and human rights. Bringing together scholars and activists who reflect upon challenges to gender equality, citizenship, and human rights in their respective socie
The construction sector needs to transition toward using bio-based building materials in order to reduce its negative environmental impact. However, it is unclear how exactly such a bio-based future will look like, with different stakeholders in different geographical contexts having different visions of the sector’s future. Based on an extensive collection of expert interviews with stakeholders f
Although urban scenario planning is widely applied for exploring various directions of urban development, it often has high requirements on the medium of quantitative information analysis and transformation. Thus, this study establishes a method of combining scenario planning with a spatial dynamic planning support system to predict urban growth. Specifically, a scenario-based spatial dynamic mode
History shows that wars can be enormously disruptive of economic activity, especially international trade, national income, and global economic welfare. This article analyzes the impact on the European regions the Russian invasion of Ukraine using the largest and most updated multiregional input-output model for Europe. Two shocks, trade and inflation, and four alternative scenarios are simulated.
Cycloneuralians are ecdysozoans with a fossil record extending to the Early Cambrian Fortunian Age and represented mostly by cuticular integuments. However, internal anatomies of Fortunian cycloneuralians are virtually unknown, hampering our understanding of their functional morphology and phylogenetic relationships. Here we report the exceptional preservation of cycloneuralian introvert musculatu
An Extended Triple Collocation for maximized Correlation (ETCC) method was proposed with a unique correlation function, the purpose of which is to maximize the correlation between the merged product and unknown truth. The method was tested over quasi-global land by combining three independent precipitation products. The performance of the ETCC-merged product was then evaluated against three refere
The development of new industries in peripheral regions has gained renewed attention recently. Yet, the processes through which peripheral regions can mobilize external resources and capabilities, and turn them into locally sticky resources for structural change and longer-term economic prosperity, have not been sufficiently conceptualized. This article proposes anchoring-based regional system bui
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book illustrates how urban innovation is being negotiated and interpreted in a wide range of contexts, while also raising more fundamental questions about the rapidly evolving relationship between society and information and communication technologies (ICT). It describes how smart urba
