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I examined the costs of producing and maintaining floral structures in Nigella degenii (Ranunculaceae). To test for such costs, I subjected plants of two populations to flower or perianth removal and then evaluated allocation to subsequently produced flowers, fruits, and seeds. Based on data from a flower removal experiment, the amount of resources allocated to flowers during the staminate and pis
Individuals can gain substantial benefits from collective actions.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 However, collective behaviors introduce new challenges, like coordinating actions, maintaining cohesion, and meeting the needs of different individuals. When making collective movements, leaders are typically thought to gain disproportionate benefits through the choice of more beneficial resources3 and/or earlier acces
A conspicuous feature of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated protein SOD1 is that its maturation into a functional enzyme relies on local folding of two disordered loops into a catalytic subdomain. To drive the disorder-to-order transition, the protein employs a single Zn2+ ion. The question is then if the entropic penalty of maintaining such disordered loops in the immature apoSOD1
This study investigates the potential loss of memory details as a consequence of making successful associative inferences using the associative inference (AI) paradigm with naturalistic stimuli mimicking realistic interactions (AB,BC,and AC). It also aims to further our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the production of integrated memory representations—whether through integrative encod
Quality requirements complement functional requirements with information on the target quality levels of software functions or emergent system quality aspects. In release planning the allocation of development effort in further investments into product enhancements, new or enhanced functions are competing with quality improvements for limited resources. When setting balanced quality targets for de
Although a negative trade-off between current reproductive effort and future reproductive output has for long been hypothesized and in some cases empirically shown, no mechanism with the potential to mediate such a reproductive cost from one season to another has been demonstrated. Here we suggest such a mechanism: the time and/or energy constraints during moult. We manipulated current reproductio
Historically, labor supply elasticities have been used to evaluate tax policy and predict tax revenue effects. They are likely to underestimate taxpayers' response to tax rate changes, and hence to underestimate changes in potential tax revenues, however, because they measure only how taxpayers alter hours worked. Taxpayers can also respond to tax rate changes by altering, for instance, their work
Bilateral Investment Treaties (BIT) are entered into by two state signatories wishing to promote, protect and liberalize investments. A BIT protects a private party, that is an investor having made an investment, by allowing for such a private party to address judicial recourse against a state signatory under the Washington Convention (the Convention). The Convention provides jurisdiction for the
This paper analyzes the impact of variables suggested by the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory, on publicly listed Swedish firms in a sample period of 8 years, ranging from 2003-2010. Also the relationship between leverage and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is studied for the same set of firms and time periods. The model used is based on panel regression with fixed and random
To determine the costs directly or indirectly related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. The secondary objective was to stratify the costs based on gestational age and/or birth weight. Systematic literature review. PubMed and Scopus were searched on 3 February 2020. Studies were selected based on eligibility criteria by two independent reviewers. Included studies were further
Abstract Title: Total Cost of Ownership – Revealing the true cost of owning and operating equipment. Authors: Anna Bladh Anna Ström Tutors: Michaela Boye, Parts and Service, PTD, Alfa Laval Göran Berg, Parts and Service, PTD, Alfa Laval Charlotta Johnsson, Department of Automatic Control, LTH, Lund University Bertil I. Nilsson, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, LTH, Lund Universit
Adaptive structures adapt to the changing circumstances in their environment using sensors and actuators, they may for example change their shape to be optimised for a specific load case when that load case is present. The building industry need to reduce its climate impact, low-carbon solutions are in demand. Structures must be designed so that the design load does not cause failure, due to stres
The aim of this study is to estimate the net economic cost of all suicides that occurred in Sweden in 2015. The purpose is to provide a more thorough assessment of this cost compared to previous research. Based on the theoretical and methodological framework of so called Cost of Illness (COI) studies, previous research, as well as original solutions, this study estimates direct costs, indirect cos
Background and aims: To estimate short- and long-term costs of inpatient hospitalization in Sweden for major diabetes mellitus-related events. Materials and methods: Costs were estimated using administrative hospital data from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, which is linked to the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Data were available for 179 749 patients with diabetes in Sweden
Trade integration is thought to benefit developing countries, so what is the cost of staying out of trade agreements? This paper studies the case of Nigeria, which, like its neighbours in West Africa and other ACP countries, has the option of entering an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the European Union (EU), but has chosen not to. Hence, this study investigates the question: Would Nige
Contemporary business trends are more and more shifting focus to the requirements of the customers. One of the most important factors for the customer is quality, both in the interface with the selling company and in the products sold. Tetra Pak is a pioneer within the packaging of diaries and food. The company has been profitable in most situations which have created a state of mind where quality
The capacity to adapt to surprising conditions by quickly changing existing ways of working is essential for organizations operating in complex and unpredictable environments. Yet empirical understanding of factors contributing to adaptive capacity remains limited and fragmented. This paper presents findings from a qualitative case study of a sudden internal flooding at a Swedish hospital, based o
