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Statsansvaret för folkmord har en jus cogens status i internationell sedvanerätt och utgår från den generella hänförbarhetsregeln: huruvida de inom staten aktiva personer eller grupper är verksamma, eller åtminstone kan anses vara verksamma å statens vägnar är avgörande för att staten kan hållas ansvarig. För att icke-statliga aktörer kan vara hänförliga till staten måste förhållandet dem emellan State responsibility for commission of genocide has a jus cogens status in customary international law and is based on the general rule of attribution: whether the persons or groups acting within the State are acting, or at least can be treated as acting on behalf of the State is key for State responsibility to arise. For non-state actors to be attributable to the State the relationship between th

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka huruvida kulturegendom tillmäts ’tillräckligt skydd’ av internationell rätt i väpnade konflikter, med betoning på den juridiska grunden för att åtala förstörelse av kulturarv som ett krigsbrott under internationell straffrätt. Jag undersöker hur de mest relevanta traktaterna i internationell rätt har uppstått sedan antagandet år 1954 av Haagkonventionen för skyddThe purpose of this thesis is to examine whether cultural property is attributed ‘sufficient protection’ by international law in armed conflicts, with an emphasis on the legal basis for prosecuting its destruction as a war crime under international criminal law. I research how the most relevant treaties in international law have emerged since the adoption of the Convention for the Protection of Cu

This research will study how the phenomenon ‘harmful practices’ is represented within the United Nations’ new framework: the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to reveal which practices are included and excluded from the goal. This framework has presented itself as being culturally diverse in its formation, strategy and application. In an attempt to capture this notion as a political goal and me

The present thesis deals with the metaphorical role of the eye in the Japanese language and how it compares to English. Metaphorical concepts provided by Lakoff and Johnson are explained in the context of English, then translated and tested with native Japanese people to see if the same concepts are apparent in the Japanese language. A number of other aspects were also put into contrast to each la

This research addresses the potential of political comedy and satire as television genres in the construction of democracy and civic culture in Colombia. Through a set of elite interviews with representative individuals in the media, political humor and media scholarship circles of the country; and through genre-based and political, economical and cultural analyses, this research underscores the r

The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the recent growth figures of China and understand whether China will be able to sustain its outstanding economic growth pattern, in a time when it needs to rebalance its economy from investments towards domestic consumption. In fact, if China does not rebalance its economy to a consumption-­led economy, it might face difficulties to repay the massive investm

This study investigates the relationship between mortgage rates and other interest rates such as the repo rate and the long-term rate and whether this relationship has changed due to the financial crisis in 2008. This is done through time series estimation for eight European countries (Spain, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Sweden and United Kingdom) over the period 1999-2011 using quart

While culture “stresses social life as such: individuals in their relations to others” , this thesis paper deals with culture alongside notions of values, beliefs and national preference/interest. The cultural aspect will shed into light by a wider perspective – the influence it has among European Union´s social and political life. Within EU, the United Kingdom holds high gains and strong financia

The focus of this paper is on the partial replication and reevaluation of the work of Palangkaraya and Yong (2007) regarding the impact of the lifetime health cover policy in Australia. The analysis is performed using data on single person households obtained from the Hilda survey. The method used is a regression discontinuity design applied to a panel data material with age as the forcing variabl

C-617/10 Åkerberg Fransson is the landmark case of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) that dealt with the interpretation and application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Charter). In brief, the case concerned a Swedish national who was accused of tax evasion and faced criminal charges for failing to pay value added tax (VAT) on certain business transaction

We revisit the Scottish care reform of 2002 to estimate the effect of free formal personal care for the elderly on informal caregiving and labour market participation using a difference-in-differences approach. We find that previous studies’ results suffer from bias due to violations of identifying assumptions. As a result, the effects on informal care are inconclusive. Nonetheless, we identify a

Flooding in oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia is a common problem. The oil palm’s habitable range is restricted to lowland equatorial areas, and the high rainfall and degraded landscapes associated with oil palm cultivation leaves oil palm prone to flooding. Flooding diminishes yields in mature palms, increases mortality in young palms, and disrupts operational processes. This reduces the ec

The topic of unequal regional development is well-studied, and evening those inequalities out has long been a core priority for the European Union, deemed necessary for sustainable long-term growth across the EU. Even so, many regions seem to be ‘left behind’ or treated as though they ‘don’t matter’, and the ‘populist vote’ for Euroskeptic, ‘anti-systemic’ parties has grown steadily throughout the

At the beginning of the summer of 2023, a staple figure of Italian culture and politics passed away after living in the public eye for three decades. Everybody in Italy had an opinion on Silvio Berlusconi, a man whose face was easily seen at least once a day on televisions, newspapers and gossip columns. News of his death circulated quickly, and journalists rushed to comment on his political caree

This research analyzes the political engagement of Turkish citizens on Twitter, in which underrepresented groups and individuals search for democratic public space to mobilize against injustice. With this in mind, the study focuses on the civic engagement of Turkish citizens on Twitter with the hashtag #istanbulsözleşmesiyaşatır, which translates to‘istanbulconventionsaveslives’. The hashtag is a

ISIS committed mass atrocities against the Yazidis (Kurdish: Êzîdîs) in Sinjar (Kurdish: Şingal), Iraq, in 2014-2017. Several international and regional observers have qualified the acts as genocide under international law. Yet the numerous social, cultural, and political preconditions of the genocide are not recognized in the 1948 Genocide Convention. To answer the line of question, Susan Opotow’

The lived realities of soldiers have largely been ignored in modern peace and conflict studies. This thesis aims at studying the perception of Everyday combatants in order to attain a greater understanding for how soldiers percieve the enemy. This will be done as a narrative analysis, including perspectives about the everyday experience of war.

The Nile, a significant river flowing northward for 4,132 miles and spanning eleven countries in northeastern Africa, holds immense importance. A key focal point is Tuti Island in Sudan, where the convergence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile forms the mighty Nile River, presenting both blessings and challenges for the local community. These rivers provide fertile soil, turning the island into a

This thesis explores the role of Emissions Trading Systems (ETS) in achieving climate neutrality, with a focus on a comparative study between the European Union (EU) and China. The background also emphasizes the global climate change issues in the past years and the use of ETS as an effective market-based carbon pricing tool for limiting the emission of greenhouse gases. The aim of this research i