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Katalys används vid 90% av all produktion av kemikalier och är därtill anledningen till att utsläppen av kolmonoxid och kväveoxider drastiskt har minskat i transportsektorn. En katalysator fungerar som en ”genväg” för en kemisk process, genom växelverkan mellan gasmolekyler och ytan av en katalysator kan den kemiska reaktionen ske till en lägre energikostnad. Detta innebär att sannolikheten att deThis thesis reports on in situ structural studies relevant to a catalytic surface during CO oxidation. The materials that have been studied are palladium, rhodium and an alloy of palladium and silver, with applications in emission cleaning by catalytic converters in vehicles. The studies are performed in situ allowing for observation of the gassurface interaction, which is essential when active ca

Background: Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging non-invasive biomedical imaging modality that could potentially be used to determine the borders of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) preoperatively in order to reduce the need for repeated surgery.Methods: Two- and three-dimensional PA images were obtained by scanning BCCs using 59 wavelengths in the range 680-970 nm. Spectral unmixing was performed

Laser diagnostic techniques have for more than 30 years added very valuable input for a deepened understanding of combustion processes. The present paper will focus on techniques developed for visualization of important parameters with the ability to get detailed information in space and time. The paper is not meant to be a complete review of the entire research field but rather a survey with a ma

This study aims at exploring processes of flexibility and coordination among acts of visualization and analysis in students’ attempt to reach a general formula for a three-dimensional pattern generalizing task.The investigation draws on a case-study analysis of two 15-year-old girls working together on a task in which they are asked to calculate the number of blocks in a three-dimensional tower of

Our knowledge of the binding sites for neutralizing Abs (NAb) that recognize a broad range of HIV-1 strains (bNAb) has substantially increased in recent years. However, gaps remain in our understanding of how to focus B cell responses to vulnerable conserved sites within the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). In this article, we report an immunization strategy composed of a trivalent HIV-1 (clade

Tau neuronal and glial pathologies drive the clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease and related human tauopathies. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that pathological tau species can travel from cell to cell and spread the pathology through the brain. Throughout the last decade, physiological and pathological tau have become attractive targets for AD therapies. Several therapeut

Popular Abstract in Swedish I ett väderälskande land som Sverige finns det väl ingen som inte är bekant med den väderkarta som ger oss information om hur prognosen för den närmaste tiden ser ut? Många av oss tittar dagligen på väderrapporten och låter den hjälpa oss att bestämma om vi ska cykla eller ta bussen, sätta på grillen eller laga mat i ugnen. Genom enkla visualiseringar i form av sol, regWith the aid of modern computer technology the application of visualization and simulation technology has become increasingly important in today’s society. Through computer modelling it is possible to experience, understand and explore environments, systems or objects in two or three dimensions and to see, hear and sometimes tangibly feel them. It may be environments or objects that do not yet exi

OBJECTIVES: Using a nationally-representative, cross-sectional cohort, we examined nutritional markers of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in adults via machine learning.METHODS: A total of 16429 men and non-pregnant women ≥ 20 years of age were analysed from five consecutive cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cohorts from years 2013-2016 (n = 6673) was used for external va

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a complex etiology which is not yet fully elucidated. The identification of gene perturbations and hub genes of T2D may deepen our understanding of its genetic basis. We aimed to identify highly perturbed genes and hub genes associated with T2D via an extensive bioinformatics analytic workflow consisting of five steps: systematic review of Gene Expression Omnibus and asso

Functional studies of resident microglia require molecular tools for their genetic manipulation. Here we show that microRNA-9-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used for the targeted genetic modification of resident microglia in the rodent brain. Using transgenic reporter mice, we demonstrate that murine microglia lack microRNA-9 activity, whereas most other cells in the brain express microRNA-9.

We aimed to establish whether recall of elements of the neurological examination can be improved by use of a simple patient assessment score. In a previous study we demonstrated that in-patients referred to neurology at two United Kingdom (UK) hospitals were not fully examined prior to referral; we therefore designed a larger quality improvement report with 80% power to detect a 10% increase in te

Spatially fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) is emerging as a powerful tool in cancer therapy for patients who are ineligible for treatment with clinically established irradiation techniques. Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) is characterized by spatial dose fractionation in the micrometre range. This presents challenges in both treatment planning and dosimetry. While a dosimetry system with a spatial re

Background Influenza and other respiratory viruses promote Streptococcus pneumoniae proliferation in the upper respiratory tract. We sought to investigate for what we believe is the first time, the effect of intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) on nasopharyngeal S pneumoniae density in a low-income to middle-income country population with high pneumococcal carriage rates. Methods I

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal CAG repeat expansion within exon 1 of the huntingtin gene HTT. While several genetic modifiers, distinct from the Huntington's disease locus itself, have been identified as being linked to the clinical expression and progression of Huntington's disease, the exact molecular mechanisms driving its pathogenic cascade and clini

Magnetic resonance imaging with chemical shift resolution is demonstrated to provide detailed information about molecular transport on the macroscopic scale in complex colloidal systems. The concentrations of species with distinct 1 H resonance lines can be quantified from spatially resolved, high-resolution, H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The method is demonstrated by experiments on thre