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Background: The objective was to identify separate cognitive domains in the standard assessment tools (MMSE, ADAS-Cog) and analyze the process of decline within domains during three years in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with donepezil treatment. Method: AD patients (n = 421) were recruited from a clinical multi-centre study program in Sweden. Patients were assessed every six months during thr

Melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs) modulate signaling of melanocortin receptors in vitro. To investigate the physiological role of brain-expressed melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2), we characterized mice with whole-body and brain-specific targeted deletion of Mrap2, both of which develop severe obesity at a young age. Mrap2 interacts directly with melanocortin 4 rec

Objective. To explore the influences of discrete positive and negative emotions on cooperation in the context of a social dilemma game. Design. Two controlled studies were undertaken. In Study 1, 69 participants were randomly assigned to an essay emotion manipulation task designed to induce either guilt, joy or no strong emotion. In Study 2, 95 participants were randomly assigned to one of the sam

The intrinsic properties of vertical InAs nanowire (NW) capacitors are investigated. The band structure is simulated using a Schrödinger-Poisson solver, taking the conduction band nonparabolicity into account. This is combined with a distributed RC model to simulate the current-voltage characteristics. It is found that the influence from the nonparabolicity is substantial for devices with a small

The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins are well known negative regulators of cytokine receptors signaling consisting of eight structurally similar proteins, SOCS1-7 and CIS. A key feature of this family of proteins is the presence of two structural motifs: a centrally located SH2 domain and a SOCS box in the C-terminus. The SOCS box mediates the interaction with the Elongin

The ALICE Collaboration at the LHC reports measurement of the inclusive production cross section of electrons from semi-leptonic decays of beauty hadrons with rapidity |y| < 0.8 and transverse momentum 1 < p(T)< 10 GeV/c, in pp collisions at root s = 2.76 TeV. Electrons not originating from semi-electronic decay of beauty hadrons are suppressed using the impact parameter of the corresponding track

BACKGROUND: Understanding the role that urologic disease plays within central Haiti could lead to the development of sustainable and regionally appropriate urologic care. We aim to document the prevalence of urologic surgical disease presenting for treatment in central Haiti. METHODS: The present study is based on a retrospective review of surgical case logs at five Partners in Health and Zanmi La

Chronic neural interfaces that are both structurally and functionally stable inside the brain over long time periods and that have minimal effects on the physiological conditions of the neural tissue to be studied hold great promise to become invaluable research and clinical tool in the near future. In this chapter, I will briefly review the state of the art of neural interfaces and the concepts b

Time-dependent changes in the surface properties of coated papers were studied as the evolution of surface hydrophobicity of laboratory and commercially coated papers. We measured the apparent contact angles on the papers during several weeks post-production. Hydrophobicity upon aging increased for all samples made from traditional coating colors on mechanical base stock and on base stock made fro

We propose an optical method for non-invasive characterisation of wood samples based on two optical techniques: time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy and gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy. While the latter is sensitive to gases present inside wood pores, the former extracts information on the bulk material regarding light scattering and absorption. Measurements on spruce samples

Osteoarthritis is a widespread disease leading to physical disability affecting quality of life. It is primarily regarded as a cartilage disease but affect all tissues of a joint. Osteoarthritis can be regarded as an organ failure. Knee osteoarthritis is common in Kuwait, especially in women. The main symptoms are pain, stiffness and weakness affecting knee function. The diagnosis is made by histo

The Baltic Sea is one of many aquatic ecosystems that show long-term declines in dissolved silicate (DSi) concentrations due to anthropogenic alteration of the biogeochemical Si cycle. Reductions in DSi in aquatic ecosystems have been coupled to hydrological regulation reducing inputs, but also with eutrophication, although the relative significance of both processes remains unknown for the observ

WHO has expressed that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) often are disadvantaged when it comes to accessing healthcare. However, a more solid evidence base is needed to determine if, and in which parts of the health system people with ID have lower access.

We present a new analysis of J/psi production yields in deuteron-gold collisions at root s(NN) =200 GeV using data taken from the PHENIX experiment in 2003 and previously published in S. S. Adler [Phys. Rev. Lett 96, 012304 (2006)]. The high statistics proton-proton J/psi data taken in 2005 are used to improve the baseline measurement and thus construct updated cold nuclear matter modification fac

In this paper I argue that EPP effects are of two different types, NP-movement and the Filled Left Edge Effect. While NP-movement is driven in Narrow Syntax by the computation of Person, some Filled Left Edge phenomena, including Icelandic Stylistic Fronting, seem to take place in PF. Even so, these phenomena also reflect the clausal computation, that is, the matching processes that value clause i

The release of soluble dietary fiber is a prerequisite for viscous effects and hence beneficial health properties. A simple in vitro method was adapted to follow the release during gastrointestinal digestion, and the percentage of solubilized fiber was measured over time. beta-Glucan from oat bran was mainly released during gastric digestion while the release of pectin from sugar beet fiber contin

The species-area relationship (SAR) is one of the most thoroughly investigated empirical relationships in ecology. Two theories have been proposed to explain SARs: classical island biogeography theory and niche theory. Classical island biogeography theory considers the processes of persistence, extinction, and colonization, whereas niche theory focuses on species requirements, such as habitat and

Alkaline solutions containing polyhydroxy carboxylates and Ca(II) are typical in cementitious radioactive waste repositories. Gluconate (Gluc(-)) is a structural and functional representative of these sugar carboxylates. In the current study, the structure and equilibria of complexes forming in such strongly alkaline solutions containing Ca2+ and gluconate have been studied. It was found that Gluc