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A rising global population and demand for protein-rich diets are increasing pressure to maximize agricultural productivity. Rising atmospheric [CO2] is altering global temperature and precipitation patterns, which challenges agricultural productivity. While rising [CO2] provides a unique opportunity to increase the productivity of C-3 crops, average yield stimulation observed to date is well below

The Auger resonant Raman spectra of CO, arising from the transitions to the X and A final electronic states of CO+, have been recorded at photon energies corresponding to the vibrational excitations v[prime]=3,5, and 8 in the O 1s-->2pi resonance. The spectra are simulated within the model that takes into account both the lifetime-vibrational interference (LVI) and interference with the nonresonan

An indoor mating disruption experiment was performed on the stored-product pest Plodia interpunctella. The female of this: species emits a four-component pheromone blend consisting of Z9,E12-14: OAc, Z9,E12-14: OR Z9,E12-14: Ald, and Z9-14: OAc. Mating of Plodia interpunctella was disrupted up to 93% by using synthetic pheromone in small-scale plot experiments. The study was performed in 2.5 m x 2

Aim: To investigate the release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances from tablets containing Pemulen and Carbopol as excipients. Method: The dissolution patterns of a hydrophobic (diazepam) and a hydrophilic active substance (midodrine-HCl) from different tablet formulations containing a nonmodified polyacrylic microgel (Carbopol 981 F) or a hydrophobically modified polyacrylic microgel (Pemu

The Mre11 complex, composed of RAD50, NBS1 and MRE11, has an essential role in the maintenance of genomic integrity and preventing cells from malignancy. Here we report the association of three Mre11 complex mutations with hereditary breast cancer susceptibility, studied by using a case-control design with 317 consecutive, newly diagnosed Northern Finnish breast cancer patients and 1000 geographic

Objective-Pleiotropic atheroprotective effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may be mediated on the level of vascular gene transcription. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of statins on the activation of transcription factors known to regulate inflammation and cell proliferation/differentiation. Methods and Results-Simvastatin, atorvastatin, and lovastatin (0.1 to 10 mumol/L)

In hereditary Huntington's disease, a triplet repeat disease, there is extensive loss of striatal neurons. It has been shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protects striatal neurons against a variety of insults. We confirmed that BDNF enhances survival and DARPP-32 expression in primary striatal cultures derived from postnatal mice. Furthermore, BDNF inhibited intracellular oxyradic

In the present scenario, fats and oil modification is one of the prime areas in food processing industry that demands novel economic and green technologies. In this respect, tailored vegetable oils with nutritionally important structured triacylglycerols and altered physicochemical properties have a big potential in the future market. In this context, it is well established that lipases especially

Dithiocarbamates are used as pesticides and rubber additives. Dithiocarbamates are the reduced forms of thiuram disulfides and both of these groups of substances induce allergic contact dermatitis. The allergic cross-reactivity pattern between dithiocarbamates and thiurams is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate why these cross-reactions occur sometimes but not always. HPLC-analysis o

A crucial aspect of empirical research based on the vector autoregressive (VAR) model is the choice of the lag order, since all inference in the VAR model is based on the chosen lag order. Here, a new information criterion is introduced for this purpose. The conducted Monte Carlo simulation experiments show that this new information criterion performs well in picking the true lag order in stable a

Resonant tunneling through a single layer of self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) is compared to tunneling through two layers of vertically aligned (stacked) dots. The difference can be viewed as going from a two-dimensional emitter to a zero-dimensional emitter. The temperature dependence of current peaks originating in tunneling through individual QDs and individual stacks is used to clarify this p

The loss of wetlands and semi-natural grasslands throughout much of Europe has led to a historic decline of species associated with these habitats. The reinstatement of these habitats, however, requires spatially explicit predictions of the most suitable sites for restoration, to maximize the ecological benefit per unit effort. One species that demonstrates such declines is the white stork Ciconia

Controlled growth of nanowires is an important, emerging research field with many applications in, for example, electronics, photonics, and life sciences. Nanowires of zinc blende crystal structure, grown in the left fence111right fenceB direction, which is the favoured direction of growth, usually have a large number of twin-plane defects. Such defects limit the performance of optoelectronic nano

A mobile lidar system was used in remote imaging laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) experiments. Also, computer-controlled remote ablation of a chosen area was demonstrated, relevant to cleaning of cultural heritage items. Nanosecond frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser pulses at 355 nm were employed in experiments with a stand-off distance of 60 meters usin

Alkyl-modified silicon nanocrystallites are efficient fluorophores which are of interest for fundamental spectroscopic studies and as luminescent probes in biology because of their stability in aqueous media. In this work we have investigated these particles using scanning tunneling microscopy, synchrotron-radiation excited photoemission, and x-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL). During the c

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is very sensitive to early brain infarcts. However, the late stages have been insufficiently studied. Infarcts in small vessel disease are often multiple and of different ages, and differentiation between new and old lesions might be difficult. We have therefore studied the change with time in DWI of small (< 3 ml) ischaemic lesions. We imaged 21 patients with an a