The aim in this report is to create a decision tool for fire protection investments at StoraEnso Pulp, Skutskär Mill, Building TKM. Expected Monetary Value (EMV) for damage caused by fire have been calculated from fire hazard analysis, design fire, expected damage, expected fire scenario in different parts of the buildings, probability analysis and effects of fire safety systems, and from economic

This report discusses different parameters that affect external fire spread between buildings. A comparison between different methods and regulations of determining safe separation distances between buildings is made. The importance of external flames projected from openings is investigated with regards to the amount of emitted and received radiation. Finally, areas of further research are suggest

Signals from three analouge sensors has been evaluated. The sensors are an optical sensor, a heat sensor and a multi sensor. The components of the multi sensor are an optical sensor and a heat sensor. The signals came from disturbing sources and test fires at a full scale test. The purpose is to find algorithms that filtrate some of the disturbing sources but does not delay the alarm from the test

This report is based on full-scale evacuation-experiments and it aims to present an evacuation alarm or a combination of alarms which will initiate an evacuation fast. It also shows how an existing alarm could be improved without investing in new expensive systems. 18 full-scale experiments are performed at a movie theatre in Malmö, Sweden. During these evacuations, six different alarm combination

This report investigates the heat transfer through the bulkhead exposed to an engine compartment fire. Calculations are carried out with two different computer programs to solve the one dimensional heat transfer problem. Material properties are obtained by use of cone calorimeter, computer simulations, literature studies and appraisals. Conclusions are made of the possibility to predict heat trans

The reports objective is to present a model for calculating the protective distance when ammonia disperse from a land based vehicle. The model is based on a response surface together with a user guide that makes it possible to use the response surface even when one or all of the variables in the response surface is unknown. The report is written in Swedish.

The report is a risk analysis of the hydrogen production plant at Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant, Sweden. The report also discusses potential hazards from the handling and storage of hydrogen gas. Principles of hydrogen gas detection and sensor technology are presented. A HAZOP-analysis of the plant is carried out, and recommendations of improvements based on the results of the analysis are made. Co

An inventory and analysis of extinguishing agents and systems. A quantitative analysis of the weight of the systems and of the damage on hull material for different fire scenarios. Tests have been carried out in cone calorimeter and simulations in HSLAB and FREIA:

A probabilistic riskanalysis of a railway tunnel in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. Using societal risk showing the hazard of the system. The analysis indicates a high risk greater than recommended levels of acceptance according to international risk criteria. Furthermore proposal for hazard prevention in tunnels are made.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of people located in discotheques in case of fire. A quantitative fire riskanalysis (QRA) for three different types of discotheques is carried out. The analysis is based on performance based codes from which fire protection alternatives are analysed. The results of the quantitative fire riskanalysis are described as risk profiles and average risk

A serie of ten full scale fire scenerios has been analysed in a compartment with and without residentiual sprinkler. The production of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen was measered in two different heights in the compartment during the tests. (Swedish)

A waterflow measurement device has been developed with which it will be possible to simultaeously study both amount of water applied and its effect temperature, during firefighting in an firetraining house. Major part of the applied water is used to cool the surface of the non-flaming fuel. Short showers with the nozzle does not seem to be as effective as the longer showers, regarding both time to

Evaluation of fire fighting spray nozzles when cooling hot smoke gases in a compartment fire. Computer simulations have been made concerning the fire scenario and time to reach fire control when water is applied. Total amounts of water are also calculated. Suggestions and conclusions drawn from the results are shown in the report. (Swedish)

In this report the cutting extinguisher is evaluated based on the cutting ability of carbon fibre laminate boards and the fire extinguishing ability. Laboratory tests and full scale tests have been carried out. Results from the tests, computer simulations and theories are discussed and compared. Suggestions and demands on improvement are presented.

Small overview of the computer based evacuation models Allsafe, Evacnet, Simulex, Steps and Wayout, focusing on their ability to predict evacuation time, based on comparison between full-scale evacuation experiment and simulation results. Diagrams showing processes of evacuation and deviations illustrate comparison results.

The aim of this report is to evaluate the evacuation situation for locomotion disabled people. The methods that have been used are literature research, interviews, questionnaires and experiments. Experiments are performed to measure factors that influence the egress for locomotion disabled people.

Analyses with Point Scheme Risk Analysis method for hospital wards and event tree analysis at several ward at homes for the aged in order to evaluate the agreement between the two methods.

The purpose of the report is to evaluate pilot safety in combat aircraft’s, of type JA 37 Viggen and type JAS 39 Gripen, exposed to the worst scenario of fire. Focus is on the performance of the canopy of the cockpit. The method used involves small-scale laboratory tests as well as a full-scale test with a Viggen in a pool fire. The conclusion is that the pilot in a Viggen has to be evacuated with

This report investigates problems concerning the use of clean agents in a low-temperature environment, i. e. temperatures below the boiling-point of the agent. Three commercially available agents have been included in the tests: HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa and FS49C2. The results from the tests show that the use of an agent should be avoided at temperatures below its boiling point, although some fire-e