Conflicts between project stakeholders can stop or damage a construction project as well as technical problems. It is not uncommon that projects are stopped or changed late in the process with the effect that large amounts of already made investments becomes obsolete. One explanation of this phenomena is the escalation of project decisions, where project managers persist with a course of actions l

Distributed Decision Making and Control is a mathematical treatment of relevant problems in distributed control, decision and multi-agent systems, The research reported was prompted by the recent rapid development in large-scale networked and embedded systems and communications. One of the main reasons for the growing complexity in such systems is the dynamics introduced by computation and communi

A list sequence (LS) maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoding algorithm for convolutional codes, that takes into account bitwise a priori probabilities and produces a rank ordered list of [script L] sequence MAP estimates, can be obtained by modification of the metric increments of the serial list Viterbi algorithm. In this paper, we study the performance of LS-MAP decoding with genie-assis

Popular Abstract in Swedish Är ledgångsreumatism en immunreaktion mot brosk? Kroppens immunförsvar bygger på ett antal olika vita blodkroppar, immunceller, som cirkulerar i blod och lymfa på spaning efter främmande och farliga "angrepp". Immuncellerna sägs svara på "angrepp", sådana immunsvar dirigeras av s k T-hjälparceller (Th-celler). Th-cellerna kommer från benmärgen, men de blir inte funktioThis thesis is based on work trying to understand the normal and pathological interactions taking place between the immune system and cartilage, specifically involving the cartilage-specific protein typ II collagen (CII). The work has been carried out in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis namely collagen type II induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. CIA can be triggered in mice of certain MH

Popular Abstract in English The long-term stability of the global terrestrial carbon sink has been a matter of concern in that a weakening would have serious consequences for atmospheric CO2 concentrations and, hence, for further changes in climate. High northern latitudes are of special importance for the global carbon budget as they store large amounts of organic matter in the soil and are expecHigh northern latitudes are of special importance for the global carbon budget as they store large amounts of organic matter in the soil and are expected to be the most strongly affected by climate change. Here we investigate carbon exchange in the subarctic mountain birch forest growing on the limit where tree growth is possible. The study sites are located close to the Abisko village in norther

This paper investigates trade effects of the euro focusing on the impact on bystanders. A common currency is expected to lower both variable and fixed trade costs, inducing increased trade flows between currency-union members on both intensive and extensive margins of trade. While this trade-creating effect has gained attention in recent work using firm-level data, few studies have looked on the p

Pingviner finns bara på södra halvklotet. Idag finns 17 arter, varav du möter de allra flesta i den här boken. De minsta arterna håller till närmast ekvatorn, till exempel på Galapagos, de största arterna, som kejsarpingvinen, lever närmast Sydpolen på Antarktis. Fåglar brukar förknippas med förmågan att flyga. Pingvinerna är i stället extremt väl anpassade till ett liv i havet. På land känns de

I kapitlet urskiljs åtta perspektiv, enligt vilka förhandlingsprocessens kvintessens antingen är 1) att fastställa en kontraktzon, 2) att använda taktiska instrument, 3) att reducera osäkerhet, 4) att balansera motstridiga krav, 5) att välja rätt tidpunkt, 6) att samordna interna och externa processer, 7) att kommunicera, eller 8) att utveckla sociala relationer.

Skogar har en positiv inverkan på halten av växthusgaser i atmosfären eftersom de binder koldioxid via fotsyntesen och lagrar kol i marken. Dessutom utgör många skogar en betydande sänka för växthusgasen metan. Upptaget av metan sker i väl syresatta marker genom oxidation utförd av metanotrofa bakterier. Däremot sker en nettoproduktion av metan i syrefattiga skogsmarker när mikroorganismer, s.k. aPopular Abstract in English Forests have a positive impact on the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere because they absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and store carbon in the soil. Moreover, many forests function as a sink for the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). The uptake of CH4 takes place in well-aerated soils through oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria. However, there is a net

Disturbances in production caused by rupture, cracking and chipping of tool edges are only studied to a limited extent in comparison with the effect of the cutting edge wear. These phenomena are of increasing importance when automation in production is considered. This thesis deals mainly with the deterioration of cutting edges emanating from other sources than wear. By studying the non-wear-relat