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År 2018 meddelade EU-domstolen förhandsavgörandet C-284/16 Achmea som kom att göra investeringstvister mellan en investerare från en EU-medlemsstat mot en annan EU-medlemsstat osäker. I domslutet konstate-rade EU-domstolen att artiklarna 267 och 344 Fördraget om Europeiska unionens funktionssätt utgjorde hinder mot en sådan skiljeklausul som fanns i ett bilateralt investeringsavtal mellan SlovakieIn 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) rendered its preliminary ruling C-284/16 Achmea, making the future of investment treaty arbitration between an investor from one EU member state and another EU member state uncertain. In the judgement’s operative part, the CJEU con-cluded that articles 267 and 344 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union precludes arbitration clause

There are many and varied benefits associated with experiences in natural environments. This thesis examines the practices and perspectives of people who professionally facilitate and thus enable such experiences. The practices, perspectives, experiences, natural environments and their associated benefits are conceptualised as cultural ecosystem services through a framework, which is theoretically

Idag dimensioneras servisledningar i Malmö/Burlövs fjärrvärmenät baserat på en efterfrågad värmeeffekt från fastighetsägare eller byggföretag som E.ON (fjärrvärmeleverantören) i sin tur möter upp med en passande rördimension. Det finns tecken på att fastigheter inte når upp till den efterfrågade värmeeffekten och att servisledningarna därav är överdimensionerade. Med anledning av detta ämnar detta

Syftet med denna studie är att få en bredare förståelse för de faktorer som påverkar valet av genretillhörighet bland saxofonister utifrån två breda genrekategorier: jazz/afroamerikansk musik och klassisk musik. Studiens fokus går att sammanfatta i följande frågeställningar: • När och hur brukar en saxofonist välja genretillhörighet, om det ens är ett aktivt val? • Finns det några korrelationer meThe purpose of this study is to get a broader understanding of the factors surrounding the choice of genre affiliations among saxophonists based on two primary umbrella terms: the jazz/black American music genre and the classical genre. The focus of the study can be boiled down to these research questions: • When and how does a saxophonist usually pick their genre affiliation, if it even is an ac

Nationell betygsstatistik visar att elever vars föräldrar inte har en eftergymnasial utbildning tenderar att lämna grundskolan med lägre betyg än elever med akademiskt meriterade föräldrar. Prestationsskillnaderna är stora i alla skolans kärnämnen, men framför allt i svenskämnet (se SIRIS 2020). Därför är syftet med föreliggande studie att undersöka hur svenskämnets läs- och skriv undervisning kan

Compassion is an important component in the social welfare practice. It is described as an emotion of feelings towards a person and an urge to act on behalf of that suffering person. However – not everyone is met with compassion. This study presume that responsibility is one important component when it comes to the social workers feelings towards the client. Who gets compassion or not seems to be

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka argument som lyfts fram i svensk debatt för att legalisera/inte legalisera surrogatmödraskap i Sverige. Ytterligare syfte är att undersöka hur könsroller återspeglas i debatten. Studien är baserad på 18 debattartiklar från svenska tidningar där hälften debatterar för en legalisering av surrogatmödraskap och den andra hälften debatterar för en förbjudaThe aim of this study is to examine what arguments are highlighted in the Swedish debate to legalize / not legalize surrogacy in Sweden. Another aim is to examine how gender roles are reflected in the debate. The study is based on 18 debate articles from Swedish newspapers where half debate for a legalization of surrogacy and the other half debate for a prohibitive legislation. The articles have b

Many animals use visual signals to navigate through their environment, and among the top navigators in the animal world we find insects. Even though their brains are incredibly small, insects are able to find their way using, for example, a strategy known as path integration. By updating the distance and direction travelled the insect is able to find the way back to its point of origin along a str

Arctic environments are subject to high seasonal variability. For the species inhabiting these latitudes, adaptation to both harsh winters and milder summers is necessary. Among the few mammals capable of sustaining such variable circannual conditions, the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) shows remarkable morphological and physiological traits that enable individuals to remain in the Fennoscandian tund

At the forefront of the fourth industrial revolution, technologies such as digital twin seek to shift the way industrial companies operate. A digital twin is a virtual replica of a product, system or process. Historically, the focus has been on representing single objects but it is now shifting to interconnected processes, such as supply chains. Advanced versions of a supply chain digital twin can

Elasmobranch populations are decreasing rapidly worldwide due to anthropogenic exploitation such as commercial fishing, where targeted shark fisheries and accidental bycatches harvest more than 100 million sharks yearly. Ecotourism operations such as shark-cage diving operators strongly rely on sustainable and functioning ecosystems and wildlife in order to utilize these for tourism and educationa

Befriande klang och laddad tystnad – prepareringar i pianoimprovisation som en väg till kreativ didaktik av Rui Hallvares Andrade Paes. Detta arbete syftar till att erbjuda ny kunskap om användningsmöjligheter av prepareringar i improvisation, övning och pianoundervisning. Den metodiska utgångspunkten är tredelad, och innefattar (i) en personlig processtudie av prepareringar i musicerande och impLiberating Timbre and Charged Silence – Preparations in Piano Improvisation as a Way Leading to Creative Didactics by Rui Hallvares Andrade Paes. This essay aims to present new knowledge regarding the possibilities to apply the use of preparations when improvising, practicing and teaching piano. The method used in this essay is based on three parts, including (i) a personal process study of prepa

The purpose of this BA thesis is to investigate the attitude young speakers of Swedish between the ages nineteen and twenty-eight have to English swearwords in Swedish, compared to Swedish swearwords in Swedish. Seven swearwords were included for each language, resulting in fourteen swearwords in total. The study is divided into i) a quantitative study and ii) a qualitative study, both using a que

Trees in the boreal region provide enormous amounts of carbon storage in their above ground biomass as woody trunks, as well as below ground in their root systems. Mycorrhizal fungi also act as a carbon store in boreal forests and receive carbon from the host tree in the form of photosynthates. Partitioning of a tree's carbon above or below ground is highly dependent on other nutrient cycles s

"Bland mästare och mentorer" är ett examensarbete som syftar till att undersöka hur fyra kompositionslärare på högskoleförberedande musikutbildningar beskriver sin undervisning i relation till sitt hantverk som tonsättare/kompositörer. Studien har ett särskilt fokus på det självständiga övandet i komposition och undersöker hur lärare själva gör och vad av detta som de vill omsätta till u"Among Masters and Mentors" is a thesis which aims to investigate how four composition teachers in college preparatory music education programs view their teaching compared to their craftmanship as composers. The study has a special focus on the independent practice of composition and examines how the teachers themselves practice and which aspects of this they wish to transfer into their

Biological control is a form of agricultural practice, where a pest’s natural predators are introduced or favored in the agricultural landscape to increase predation on the pests. This increase in predation is beneficial for production but can also drive co-evolutionary adaptation and even diversification within the pest communities which, in turn, may lead to predator responses and diversificatio

Wood decay fungi are often classified as either brown rot or white rot, depending on their mechanism of accessing nutrients in wood. This dichotomy assumes that white rot fungi break down lignin with various enzymes, while brown rot fungi leave it mostly unmodified and instead bypass it with diffusion of small molecules to reach the desired hemicellulose and cellulose. The effect of different sour