Real-time prediction of train arrivals is important for proactive traffic control and information provision in passenger rails. Despite many studies in predicting arrival times or delays at stations, they are essentially the next-step time series prediction problem which may limit their applications in practice. For example, passengers on the trains or waiting on platforms may have different desti

• The Arctic is continuing to warm faster than any other region on Earth, but key uncertainties remain in our knowledge of the Arctic carbon cycle. • We review the most current knowledge pertaining to estimates of arctic greenhouse gas components and discuss uncertainties associated with these measurements and models. • While the Arctic Ocean is consistently estimated as a carbon sink, we have yet

IMPORTANCE: Chronic breathlessness is common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Regular, low-dose, extended-release morphine may relieve breathlessness, but evidence about its efficacy and dosing is needed.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different doses of extended-release morphine on worst breathlessness in people with COPD after 1 week of treatment.DESIGN, SETTING

Purpose: Exposure to cold air may harm the airways. It is unclear to what extent heavy exercise adds to the cold-induced effects on peripheral airways, airway epithelium, and systemic immunity among healthy individuals. We investigated acute effects of heavy exercise in sub-zero temperatures on the healthy airways. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy individuals underwent whole body exposures to cold air

Pediatric neuroradiology is a subspecialty within radiology, with possible pathways to train within the discipline from neuroradiology or pediatric radiology. Formalized pediatric neuroradiology training programs are not available in most European countries. We aimed to construct a European consensus document providing recommendations for the safe practice of pediatric neuroradiology. We particula

We present a novel high-resolution inverse modelling system ("FLEXVAR") based on FLEXPARTCOSMO back trajectories driven by COSMO meteorological fields at 7 km×7 km resolution over the European COSMO-7 domain and the four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation technique. FLEXVAR is coupled offline with the global inverse modelling system TM5-4DVAR to provide background mole fractions ("b

This paper explores social interaction in local public squares under different lighting conditions. At its best public squares are social spaces that engender a sense of belonging, increase the quality of life and wellbeing of individuals. It is proposed that outdoor lighting would be essential to the use of the public realm after dark, but empirical results regarding lighting conditions and socia

Interaction of oral bacteria with stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) can negatively affect the success of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). Through RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis, we studied the effect of the oral bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as their supernatants enriched by bacterial metabolites, on the osteo- and dentinogenic potential of SC

Background: Alcohol intake is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, there is limited knowledge on whether changing alcohol drinking habits during adulthood modifies CRC risk. Objective: Leveraging longitudinal exposure assessments on alcohol intake at different ages, we examined the relationship between change in alcohol intake and subsequent CRC risk. Methods: Within th

We demonstrate how the individual mirrors of a high-quality Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror system can be aligned to each other to create an optimally focused beam, through minimizing aberrations in the phase of the ptychographically reconstructed pupil function. Different sources of misalignment and the distinctive phase artifacts they create are presented via experimental results from the alignment

We propose a consensus definition of "an exaggerated orthostatic pressor response" in subjects in whom systolic blood pressure increases ≥20 mmHg when going from the supine to standing posture. This definition can be extended for seated to standing measurements. We reserve the term "orthostatic hypertension" if this pressor response leads to an upright systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg. We believe

Aim: Risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency in infants are not fully understood. The aim of the study was to assess predictors of total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid analysed in newborn screening dried blood spots. Methods: In a Norwegian case control study, we analysed total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in newborn screening dried blood spots of 86 infants clinically diagnosed with v

Hydrogen release during pyrolysis of woody biomass is studied considering anisotropicity and inhomogeneity of wood structure. A new anisotropic shrinkage model is proposed based on the decomposition of main wood constituents, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The new shrinkage model can predict the temporal evolution of the wood structure, and the differences between axial and radial shr

A major unanswered question in the dementia field is whether cognitively unimpaired individuals who harbor both Alzheimer's disease neuropathological hallmarks (that is, amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles) can preserve their cognition over time or are destined to decline. In this large multicenter amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) study (n = 1,325), we examined the

In this retrospective cohort study of 193 consecutive subjects with primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) seen at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, we assessed prevalence, severity, and time of onset of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) for PMD cases with different genetic etiologies. Subjects were grouped by genetic diagnosis: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Aim: To establish outcomes of a priority setting partnership between participants with diabetes mellitus and clinicians to identify the top 10 research priorities for preventing and treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Methods: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership process was adapted into a digital format which involved a pilot survey to identify unde

Perturbation of soil microbial communities by rising temperatures could have important consequences for biodiversity and future climate, particularly in tropical forests where high biological diversity coincides with a vast store of soil carbon. We carried out a 2-year in situ soil warming experiment in a tropical forest in Panama and found large changes in the soil microbial community and its gro

BackgroundAssessing pain in the intensive care unit (ICU) is challenging. Due to intubation and sedation, communication can be limited. International guidelines recommend assessing pain with instruments based on behavioral parameters when critically ill patients are unable to self-report their pain level. One of the recommended instruments, the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), has shown good validity