Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found in most galactic nuclei. A significant fraction of these nuclei also contains a nuclear stellar cluster (NSC) surrounding the SMBH. In this paper, we consider the idea that the NSC forms first, from the merger of several stellar clusters that may contain intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). These IMBHs can subsequently grow in the NSC and form an SMBH.

The article analyses how hunting tourism businesses in Sweden navigate in the nexus between moral and economic value spheres. Through the analytical lens of ‘moral gatekeeper’, the business operators are depicted as acting from a position where they navigate in a contested space. The analysis demonstrates how the operators balance different norms and practices of recreational hunting, wildlife man

The relationships between properties of present landscapes and species diversity within fragmented grasslands have been the subject of many studies. However the potential roles of grassland history and past landscape structure as determinants of diversity have not been widely studied. We therefore focus on these roles with an overview of patterns of variation in plant community composition in gras

We investigated allozyme variation and phenotypic variation in leaf shape in 15 populations of the shrub Hippocrepis emerus (Leguminosae) from the three isolated, regional populations in Scandinavia and analysed patterns of differentiation and the hierarchical structuring of diversity on different geographic scales There are pronounced geographic differences between the Norwegian and Swedish isola

The genetic control of variation at the Pgi‐2, Pgm‐1, Pgm‐2, and Tpi‐1 loci was investigated for the gynodioecious bladder campions, Silene uniflora and S. vulgaris. The main objective of the study was to determine whether alleles 1 and 2 at Pgi‐2, which have closely similar electrophoretic mobilities, were genuine Mendelian alleles. The results from a series of crossing experiments were consisten

The transition to a bioeconomy, in which resources from biowaste could be reclaimed for the production of chemicals, materials or fuels, could contribute to the establishment of a sustainable society by replacing fossil fuels as raw materials. The core of this bioeconomy would be biorefineries, which are similar to petroleum-based refineries, but are facilities where biowaste is processed and refi

The open, steppe-like alvar grasslands on Oland contain many plant species which are on the margins of their geographic ranges or which have disjunct distributions. This study provides an overview of the vegetation characteristics of these grasslands, establishing a community-compositional framework for studies on evolutionary ecology and population biology of the phytogeographically distinctive s

Synthesis methods of highly functional core@shell nanoparticles with high throughput and high purity are in great demand for applications, including catalysis and optoelectronics. Traditionally chemical synthesis has been widely explored, but recently, gas-phase methods have attracted attention since such methods can provide a more flexible choice of materials and altogether avoid solvents. Here,

Silene diclinis is a rare Spanish relative of the well-studied dioecious S. dioica and S. latifolia (=S. alba, S. pratensis). The main wild population and its cultivated derivatives showed female biased sex ratios. The ratios did not differ significantly between subpopulations or between the wild and cultivated samples, but they did deviate significantly from the expectation of a 1:1 male to femal

Silene section Elisanthe is a well‐defined group containing (in Europe) the following species: S. alba, S. diclinis, S. dioica, S. heuffelii and S. marizii (dioecious perennials or biennials) and S. noctifloara (a self‐compatible hermaphrodite annual). Crosses were attempted among these species, and between these species and members of other Silene sections. Crosses among the first five species re

Silene diclinis (Lag.) M. Laínz is a dioecious endemic with a highly restricted distribution in south-eastern Spain. The sparse literature on the plant is summarised before referring to the results of a study of S. diclinis in the wild. A new description of the species is presented and its taxonomic affinities discussed. Details of the flowering time of S. diclinis, possible pollinators and its po

Domesticated plant taxa cannot be regarded as evolutionarily discrete from their wild relatives. Most domesticated plant taxa mate with wild relatives somewhere in the world, and gene flow from crop taxa may have a substantial impact on the evolution of wild populations. In a literature review of the world's 13 most important food crops, we show that 12 of these crops hybridize with wild relatives