Popular Abstract in Swedish Hepatit C är idag den ledande orsaken till kronisk leversjukdom i västvärlden och även den vanligaste anledningen till levertransplantation. Sjukdomen orsakas av hepatit C-virus (HCV) och överförs i de flesta fall via blod. Majoriteten av de smittade (50-80%) kommer att utveckla en kronisk HCV-infektion. Den ständigt pågående inflammation som virusinfektionen orsakar iThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood borne virus effectively spread through injection practices. Consequently, people who inject drugs (PWID) are at the center of the current HCV epidemic in industrialized countries, with regards both to prevalence and incidence. Through progressive liver fibrosis, chronic HCV infection conveys a substantial risk of liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. T

Sweden experienced an increase in the ratio of granted patents to research and development spending (R&D) between 1989 and 1998, a period when R&D spending grew rapidly. The ratio of patents granted to R&D spending (research productivity) increased by 40% over the period, and the ratio of quality-adjusted patents to R&D exhibited an even more impressive increase of 60%. Sectors wit

A hybrid plasmonic waveguide consisting of a high-index dielectric core embedded inside a rectangular-shaped metallic trench is proposed and its guiding properties are investigated at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Numerical simulations based on the finite element method have demonstrated that the introduced dielectric core could greatly reduce the modal loss of the metal trench while maintaining stro

Solution and adsorption properties of both charged and uncharged bottle-brush polymers have been investigated. The solution conformation and interactions in solution have been investigated by small-angle scattering techniques. The association of the bottle-brush polymers with anionic surfactants has also been studied. Surfactant binding isotherm measurements, NMR, surface tension measurements, as

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under den nuvarande värmeperioden (holocen) som inleddes för ca 11 600 år sedan, har klimatet i den nordatlantiska regionen varierat på både korta och långa tidsskalor. Orsaken till dessa variationer är många och komplexa, men kan till viss del relateras till temporära förändringar i havsströmmar och den atmosfäriska cirkulationen. Den termohalina cirkulationen, som delThe North Atlantic region has experienced significant climate fluctuations during the Holocene. It has been shown that these fluctuations affected the terrestrial environment in Iceland, including its glaciers and ice caps. However, the full Holocene development of Icelandic glaciers, including the large Vatnajökull ice cap and its outlet glaciers, is not fully known. In this thesis, a sediment se

Cyber-physical systems react on events reported by sensors and interact with objects of the real world according to their current state and their view of the world. This view is naturally represented by a model which is continuously analysed and updated at runtime. Model analyses should be ideally concise and efficient, requiring well-founded, comprehensible implementations with efficient reasonin

With predicted decreases in genetic diversity and greater genetic differentiation at range peripheries relative to their cores, it can be difficult to distinguish between the roles of current disturbance versus historic processes in shaping contemporary genetic patterns. To address this problem, we test for differences in historic demography and landscape genetic structure of coastal giant salaman

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen Optimization of Low-Level Controllers and High-Level Polymer Grade Changes är inom ämnesområdet reglerteknik. Det centrala i ämnet reglerteknik är att styra ett system, såsom en motor, ett teleskop eller en kemisk reaktor, så att det uppför sig på ett önskvärt sätt. Detta görs genom att använda mätningar av systemet, en algoritm som beräknar hur systemet sTwo design problems at different levels in the control hierarchy are considered; optimization of robust low-level controllers with constrained control signal activity and optimization of economical high-level polyethylene grade changes. As for the first design problem, a constraint on control signal activity due to measurement noise is presented and used when optimizing and comparing PI/PID contr

Abstract in UndeterminedCytomegalovirus (CMV) causes severe sequelae in congenitally infected newborns and may cause life-threatening disease in immuno-deficient patients. Recent findings demonstrate the possibility to alleviate the disease by infusing intravenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations, indicating that antibodies are an effective therapeutic option. Modern molecular methodologies, li

Recently, there has been much interest in activity-induced phase separations in concentrated suspensions of “active Brownian particles” (ABPs), self-propelled spherical particles whose direction of motion relaxes through thermal rotational diffusion. To date, almost all these studies have been restricted to 2 dimensions. In this work we study activity-induced phase separation in 3D and compare the

The nanoindentation response of empty and filled viral capsids is modelled using three dimensional finite element analysis. Simulation with two different geometries, spherical and icosahedral, are performed using the finite element code Abaqus. The capsids are modeled as non-linear Hookean elastic and both small and large deformation analysis is performed. Force-indentation curves for three differ

Braided convolutional codes (BCCs) form a class of iteratively decodable convolutional codes that are constructed from component convolutional codes. In braided code division multiple access (BCDMA), these very efficient error correcting codes are combined with a multiple access method and inherent interleaving for channel diversity exploitation into one single scheme. In this paper, we describe t

Many studies of children and apes realized in psychology address issues that are highly relevant to semiotics, but they often do so indirectly, or they use a terminology that is confusing and/or too vague from a semiotical point of view. The studies reported here, however, follow the paradigm of these psychological studies, but they are couched in an explicit semiotical terminology. They involve t

This thesis investigates the word order in the main and embedded clauses of four Swedish monolingual children, covering the age range 1;3–4;0. Using a generative framework, a quantitative and qualitative analysis focusing on the syntax of verb placement and complementizers is presented. Chapters 1 to 4 offer a background to the thesis. In chapter 1 the aims and the material are presented. Chapter

Objective: Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded number of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. A hallmark of HD is unintended weight loss, the cause of which is unknown. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of weight loss in HD, we studied its relation to other disease characteristics including motor, cognitive, and behavioral disturban

We present synchrotron-based I4d photoelectron spectroscopy experiments of solutions from LiI and LiI3 in water, ethanol, and acetonitrile. The experimentally determined solvent-induced binding energy shifts (SIBES) for the monatomic I- anion are compared to predictions from simple Born theory, PCM calculations, as well as multiconfigurational quantum chemical spectral calculations from geometries

Biofouling is a crucial factor in membrane bioreactor (MBR) applications, particularly for high organic loading operations. This paper reports a study on biofouling in an MBR to establish a relationship between critical flux, J(c), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) (ranging from 5 to 20 g L-1) and volumetric loading rate (6.3 kg COD m(-3) h(-1)) of palm oil mill effluent (POME). A lab-scale 100