International organisations (IOs) play increasingly important roles in world politics. As states face more complex challenges they have joined together in IOs to solve their common problems. Yet once an IO has been created it may take on a life of its own, and it becomes difficult for its state founders to control what it does. Permanent secretariats populated by experts are one of the most importInternational organisations (IOs) play increasingly important roles in world politics. As states face more complex challenges they have joined together in IOs to solve their common problems. Yet once an IO has been created it may take on a life of its own, and it becomes difficult for its state founders to control what it does. Permanent secretariats populated by experts are one of the most import

A well-functioning ventilation system is significant in achieving a healthy indoor environment. The air supply rate is one of the important factors in reducing the pollutant levels indoors. A study of the indoor environment has been made in new built apartments with modern energy-efficient mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation systems. Several parameters have been measured including the air su

Som ett led i regeringsuppdraget att ”Utvidga kunskapen om barns läkemedel och deras användning” anordnade Läkemedelsverket 2012 ett möte med representanter för barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin. Syftet var att identifiera kunskapsluckor samt föreslå speciella läkemedelsområden där det fanns behov av att sammanställa kunskap. Behandling av sömnstörningar hos barn var ett område som prioriterades.

When looking at energy supply on a larger scale than to a single building, such as to a neighbourhood or a city, the combined effects of peak power demands can be seen to cause problems on the production side. These can be both economic and environmental and lead to the emission of greenhouse gases when fossil fuels are used to meet these peaks. Encouraging the demand side to reduce their power de

Reducing energy use, increasing the use of renewable energy sources, and adapting to stricter building regulations and certification systems – these are all examples of the challenges facing the building industry and society. Looking at the energy supply at a larger scale than a single building, like a neighborhood or a city, the stack effect of peak power demands can cause problems on the product

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Chinese translation of the English version of the Person-centred Climate Questionnaire - Staff version (PCQ-S) for Chinese palliative care staff in a hospital context.DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional design. The 14-item English PCQ-S was translated and backtranslated using established procedures. Construct validity

The tumour suppressor p53 is one of the most important cancer genes. Previous findings have shown that p53 expression can influence DNA adduct formation of the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in human cells, indicating a role for p53 in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1-mediated biotransformation of BaP in vitro. We investigated the potential role of p53 in xenobiotic metabolism in vivo

The tumour suppressor gene TP53 is mutated in more than 50 % of human tumours, making it one of the most important cancer genes. We have investigated the role of TP53 in cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolic activation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a panel of isogenic colorectal HCT116 cells with differing TP53 status. Cells that were TP53(+/+), TP53(+/-), TP53(-/-), TP53(

We compared mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and fibroblasts (MEFs) for their ability to metabolically activate the environmental carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) and aristolochic acid I (AAI), measuring DNA adduct formation by (32)P-postlabelling and expression of xenobiotic-metabolism genes by quantitative real-time PCR. At 2 μM, BaP induced Cyp1a1 expression in MEFs

Targeted delivery of nanoparticles to cells or tissues of interest is arguably the "holy grail" of nanomedicine. Using primary human macrophages and ovarian cancer cells, we evaluated the biocompatibility and specific targeting of folic acid (FA)-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles with organic [poly(ethylene glycol), PEG] or inorganic (SiO2) intermediate surface coatings. Reduction of folate rece

Pulmonary inflammation can contribute to the development of lung cancer in humans. We investigated whether pulmonary inflammation alters the genotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the lungs of mice and what mechanisms are involved. To model nonallergic acute inflammation, mice were exposed intranasally to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 µg/mouse) and then instilled intratracheally

Recent studies reported the presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) as an additional modification in mammalian genomic DNA. To date, 5 hmC has been detected only in mouse DNA isolated from embryonic stem cells, some adult tissues and in DNA from human bone marrow. Understanding its biological function will require the development of sensitive analytical methods that allow the detection and qua

2'-Deoxy-N(6)-methyladenosine (N(6)mdA) is frequently found in prokaryotic and unicellular eukaryotic genomes. Although methylated bases represent only a minor fraction of the genome, they, however, exhibit strong biological effects. Here, we report a fast and sensitive method for the quantification of global adenine methylation in DNA. The method is based on a recently developed procedure consist

Genome-wide association studies have linked lung cancer risk with a region of chromosome 15q25.1 containing CHRNA3, CHRNA5 and CHRNB4 encoding α3, α5 and β4 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively. One of the strongest associations was observed for a non-silent single-nucleotide polymorphism at codon 398 in CHRNA5. Here, we have used pharmacological (antagonists) or gen

3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) is a potent mutagen and a suspected human carcinogen present in particulate matter of diesel exhaust and ambient air pollution. Employing an assay with human p53 knock-in (Hupki) murine embryonic fibroblasts (HUFs), we examined p53 mutations induced by 3-NBA and its active metabolite, N-hydroxy-3-aminobenzanthrone (N-OH-3-ABA). Twenty-nine immortalized cultures (cell li

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes form a highly conserved gene cluster at the lung cancer susceptibility locus 15q25.1. In this study, we show that the CHRNalpha3 gene encoding the nAChRalpha3 subunit is a frequent target of aberrant DNA hypermethylation and silencing in lung cancer, whereas the adjacent CHRNbeta4 and CHRNalpha5 genes exhibit moderate and no methylation, respectively.

Water related problems are characterized by complexities, uncertainties, and conflicting interests and there is no single “optimal” way to approach these “wicked” problems. Model-assisted participatory processes have been suggested as one way to meet these challenges. However, the use of models as ascenario tools for local planning of mitigation and adaptation strategies addressing environmental c