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Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att försöka avslöja omständigheter och faktorer som hänger samman med att kvinnor fortsätter respektive slutar att röka och att bidra med kunskaper om vilka rökare som är mest sårbara när det gäller risken för att drabbas av hjärtinfarkt. I den officiella sjuk- och dödsorsaksstatistiken framgår det att risken för hjärtinfarkt minskThe aim of this thesis has been to explore factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation in women and the relation between smoking and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI). The time trends in incidence of MI 1986-2002 in the city of Malmö (pop. 250.000) were explored. It showed declining incidences in men and older women, but not in women below 65 years of age. The high prevalence of s

Popular AbstractVad vet vi egentligen om maten vi äter? Vem producerar den och var kommer den ifrån? Hur vet vi att vi inte blir sjuka av den? Är svenskt kött bättre än annat kött? Varför väljer en del konsumenter att handla mat i gårdsbutiker eller på grönsaksmarknader istället för i butik? Frågorna kring maten är många. Avståndet mellan producent och konsument är idag stort och innan råvaran harThis dissertation takes up the consequences of the transition from a traditional to a modern food system. According to some researchers, the modernization of food production has led to a crisis of confidence in today’s food system and consumers are said to experience alienation, gastro-anomie, and distrust towards food products (see Murcott, Mennell & Van Otterloo 1992; Fischler 1980; 1988). P

Objectives: Scarring caused by trauma, postcancer treatment, or inflammation in the vocal folds is associated with stiffness of the lamina propria and results in severe voice problems. Currently there is no effective treatment. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have been recognized as providing a potential resource for cell transplantations, but in the undifferentiated state, they are generally no

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det övergripande syftet med den höär studien är att bidra till ökad förståelse för barns lärande och meningsskapande i skolan när pedagoger försöker överskrida ett mer traditionellt arbetssätt genom att förena estetik och rationalitet i läroprocessen. Avsikten är att beskriva och tolka avd som utspelar sig i samtal mellan barn och pedagoger när barn förväntas lösa probeThe overiding aim of this study is to promote an increace in the knowledge regarding school children´s learning and meaning construction, whereby teachers attempt to exceed traditional ways of learning by combining asthetics and rationality as an integration of the learning process. The aim is to describe and interpret that which occurs in discussions between teachers and the children, when the ch

Ozone is found to exhibit substantial site-selective fragmentation when its fragment ions are collected in coincidence with energy selected electrons. We find a preferential production of the O-2(+)/O+(O+/O+) ion pair upon ionization of the terminal (central) oxygen Is electron. Depending on the hole localization, Auger rates are different towards the various final states of the dication, which wo

The atomic structure of 0.5 monolayer (ML) Co deposited on Pt(110) was investigated by quantitative low-energy electron diffraction and ab initio density functional theory calculations, showing a pronounced inward relaxation and a filling of the missing-row sites of the Pt(110) substrate by Co atoms. Up to this Co coverage no significant intermixing of Pt atoms with Co atoms was observed by scanni

Ovarian masses are common and a good pre-surgical assessment of their nature is important for adequate treatment. Bayesian Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) using the evidence procedure were used to predict whether tumors are malignant or not. Automatic Relevance Determination (ARD) is used to select the most relevant of the 40+ available variables. Cross-validation is used to select an optimal combi

This study aimed to establish whether the temperature-dependent effect of acidification on maximum force observed in mammalian muscles also applies to frog muscle. Measurements of force, stiffness, and unloaded velocity of shortening in intact single muscle fibers from the anterior tibialis muscle of Rana temporaria were performed between 0 and 22degreesC during fused tetani in H2CO3CO2-buffered R

In this article, we study the n - pi* electronic transition in aqueous microsolvated formaldehyde using the coupled cluster (CC) and coupled cluster/molecular mechanics (CC/MM) methods. The CC models used are the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) and the coupled cluster second-order approximate singles and doubles (CC2) methods. The CC/MM model includes electrostatic and mutual polarizati

Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. In the translation process, each of these 20 amino acids is specifically recognized by their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The fidelity of this recognition system is essential if translation is to function properly. The development of an in vitro system based on this recognition scheme would make a powerful analytical tool with which to analy

The linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) method is an extension of the classical minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) filter, allowing for multiple linear constraints. Depending on the spatial filter length and the desired frequency grid, a direct computation of the resulting spatial beampattern may be prohibitive. In this paper, we exploit the rich structure of the LCMV express

Magnetic resonance studies allow us to distinguish paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic phases in Ga1-xMnxAs. The transition from ferromagnet to ferrimagnet is correlated with a metal to insulator transition. The analysis of spin wave resonance spectra, which occur in the ferrimagnetic phase, allows us to estimate the magnitude and the distance dependence of exchange coupling. The experim

Background: Interferon beta-1a (IFNbeta-1a; Avonex) is effective for the treatment of relapsing MS; however, the optimal dose of IFNbeta-1a is not known. Objective: To determine whether IFNbeta-1a 60 mug IM once weekly is more effective than IFNbeta-1a 30 mug IM once weekly in reducing disability progression in relapsing MS. Methods: In a double-blind, parallel-group, dose-comparison study, 802 pa

Traffic safety work needs different methods and tools in order to choose and evsaluate traffic safety measures. The thesis contributes to this problem by presenting and visualizing a method which describes the traffic safety situation in several dimensions. The method used to describe the traffic safety problem shows the potential of a simultanous presentation and evaluation of these dimensions an

A near-threshold He-4(gamma, n) cross-section measurement has been performed at MAX-lab. Tagged photons from 23 < Ey < 42 MeV were directed toward a liquid He-4 target, and neutrons were detected by time-of-flight in two liquid-scintillator arrays. Seven-point angular distributions were measured for eight photon energies. The results are compared to experimental data measured at comparable energie