Att vatten övergår till ånga när man hettar upp det är ett välkänt fenomen, men även materia som bygger upp atomkärnor kommer att genomgå en fasövergång om den hettas upp tillräckligt mycket. Det som då bildas är ett kvark-gluonplasma (QGP), en exotisk form av materia där atomkärnans minsta beståndsdelar - kvarkar och gluoner - mer eller mindre rör sig fritt, vilket radikalt skiljer sig från vanliBy colliding heavy nuclei at high energies, which is done at RHIC and the LHC, a strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is created. This manifests itself through several different signatures, which until recently was thought to uniquely probe the QGP. Recently, however, similar signatures have been observed also in small systems, such as pp collisions with high charged-particle multiplicity

Due to the complexity of clinical breast cancer imaging systems, their validation and optimization are challenging tasks, which require both preclinical and clinical studies. This is particularly true for systems used in breast cancer screening due to the low prevalence of disease in a screening population. Validation for screening requires clinical trials involving very large numbers of volunteer

Finite fermion systems are known to exhibit shell structure in the weakly interacting regime, as is well known from atoms, nuclei, metallic clusters, or even quantum dots in two dimensions. All these systems have in common that the particle interactions between electrons or nucleons are spatially isotropic. Dipolar quantum systems as they have been realized with ultracold gases, however, are gover

Although the potential advantages of clinical germline genome editing (GGE) over currently available methods are limited, the implementation of GGE in the clinic has been proposed and discussed. Ethical issues related to such an application have been extensively debated, meanwhile, seemingly less attention has been paid to ethical implications of studies which would have to be conducted in order t

Whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing (WES, WGS) can generate an unprecedented amount of complex information, making the informed consent (IC) process challenging. The aim of our study was to assess the readability of English IC forms for clinical whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing using the SMOG and Flesch-Kincaid formulas. We analysed 36 forms, most of which were from US providers. The me

A variety of health-related genetic testing is currently advertized directly to consumers. This article provides a timely overview of direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC GT) and salient ethical issues, as well as an analysis of the impact of the recently adopted regulation on in vitro diagnostic medical devices on DTC GT. DTC GT companies currently employ new testing approaches, report on a wi

Whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) have become increasingly available in the research and clinical settings and are now also being offered by direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing (GT) companies. This offer can be perceived as amplifying the already identified concerns regarding adequacy of informed consent (IC) for both WES/WGS and the DTC GT context. We performed a

This paper reports findings from Germany-based participants in the "Your DNA, Your Say" study, a collaborative effort among researchers in more than 20 countries across the world to explore public attitudes, values and opinions towards willingness to donate genomic and other personal data for use by others. Based on a representative sample of German residents (n = 1506) who completed the German-la

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic quality control system that recognizes and degrades transcripts containing NMD cis elements in their 3'untranslated region (UTR). In yeasts, unusually long 3'UTRs act as NMD cis elements, whereas in vertebrates, NMD is induced by introns located >50 nt downstream from the stop codon. In vertebrates, splicing leads to deposition of exon junction co

High throughput approaches such as whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) create an unprecedented amount of data providing powerful resources for clinical care and research. Recently, WGS and WES services have been made available by commercial direct-to-consumer (DTC) companies. The DTC offer of genetic testing (GT) has already brought attention to potentially problematic i

Our international study, 'Your DNA, Your Say', uses film and an online cross-sectional survey to gather public attitudes toward the donation, access and sharing of DNA information. We describe the methodological approach used to create an engaging and bespoke survey, suitable for translation into many different languages. We address some of the particular challenges in designing a survey on the su

The phenotypic adjustments of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are commonly inferred from the analysis of transcript abundance. While mechanisms of transcriptional regulation have been extensively analysed in mycobacteria, little is known about mechanisms that shape the transcriptome by regulating RNA decay rates. The aim of the present study is to identify the core components of the RNA degradosome of

The semantics of programming languages comprise many concepts that are alternatives to each other, such as by-reference and by-value parameter passing. To help teach these concepts, Diwan et al. introduced the programming language Mystery, with fixed syntax but configurable semantics, and described how this language enables new approaches to teaching programming languages concepts. In this paper,

Application-level packet filtering is a technique for network access control in which an “application-level gateway” intercepts network packets at the application level (e.g., HTTP, FTP), scans them for security concerns and optionally logs, rewrites or discards them. Existing application-level filters express their filtering rules in general-purpose languages, which limits the correctness guarant

Research performance studies based on citation data have become of interest both nationally and on the university-level as the focus on quality control has increased also in the higher education sector. Large journal-based indexes, such as Web of Science and recently Scopus, have most frequently been used for the task. These have shown to have limited coverage, especially for areas in the humaniti

Since 2009, the Swedish government has allo-cated a part of its direct funding to the Swed-ish universities based on a bibliometric indica-tor, which stems from the number of publica-tions and citations found in the Web of Science bibliographic database. This paper discusses the creation and detailed structure of the new indicator, which has met criticism from both researchers and the Swedish Rese

As the interest in research performance analysis using bibliometrics increases, more specialised tools are developed. In cases when verified publication data is not available; data is normally collected and aggregated using subject or organisational criteria. The journal subject areas in Thomson Reuters/ISI are often used, but can be poor in their precision and granularity. In an attempt to improv

Institutional repositories are now available at many academic institutions world-wide. Researchers are urged to contribute full-text documents to increase their visibility and accessibility on the web. Recently, a focus on research evaluation has increased the interest in the bibliographic portion of the data as well and an increasing number of institutions have now made it mandatory for their fac

Several new polydentate and potentially dinucleating ligands have been synthesized in order to model the coordination environments of a number of structurally related dinuclear active sites in metalloenzymes, including methane monooxygenase, the ribonucleotide reductase R2 protein, urease, arginase, red kidney bean purple acid phosphatase and zinc phosphotriesterase.~ Ligands 1 and 2 have proven t