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Assessment of image quality on the diagnostic performance of clinicians and deep learning models : Cross-sectional comparative reader study

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is a prevalent and clinically significant condition, with early and accurate diagnosis being crucial for improved patient outcomes. Dermoscopy and artificial intelligence (AI) hold promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. However, the impact of image quality, particularly high dynamic range (HDR) conversion in smartphone images, on diagnostic performance remains poorly und

A mean field theory learning algorithm for neural networks

Based on t he Boltzmann Machine concept, we derive alear ning algorithm in which time-consuming stochastic measurementsof correlations a re replaced by solutions to dete rminist ic mean fieldtheory equ ations. T he method is applied to t he XOR (exclusive-or ),encoder, and line sym metry problems with substantial success. Weobserve speedup facto rs ranging from 10 to 30 for these ap plicat ionsand

An optoelectronic architecture for multilayer learning in a single photorefractive crystal

We propose a simple architecture for implementing supervised neural network models optically with photorefractive technology. The architecture is very versatile: a wide range of supervised learning algorithms can be implemented including mean-field-theory, backpropagation, and Kanerva-style networks. Our architecture is based on a single crystal with spatial multiplexing rather than the more commo

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This article is a revised version of the inaugural lecture delivered on 5 October2023, on the occasion of the author's appointment as Professor of History of Religions at Lund University. It opens by depicting fundamental changes in the study of the history of religions in the twentieth century, followed by biographical notes, including her research on lay Buddhism in urban Taiwan, the emphasis on

Exposure to antibiotics and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes : results from a Swedish case–control study (ESTRID) and the Norwegian HUNT study

Aims/hypothesis: Some studies find an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children exposed to antibiotics. We investigated if exposure to antibiotics increases the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes. Methods: We used data from a Swedish case–control study (Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for LADA and Type 2 Diabetes [ESTRID]: LADA, n=597; type 2 diabetes

Grain size control in quasi-two-dimensional perovskite thin film via intermediate phase engineering for efficient bound exciton generation

Quasi-two dimensional (2D) perovskites have emerged as a promising class of materials due to their remarkable photoluminescence efficiency, which stems from their exceptionally high exciton binding energies. The spatial confinement of excitons within smaller grain sizes could enhance the formation of biexcitons leading to higher radiative recombination efficiency. However, the synthesis of high-qu

A Trojan horse for climate policy: Assessing carbon lock-ins through the Carbon Capture and Storage-Hydrogen-Nexus in Europe

The global energy landscape is entrenched in fossil fuels, shaping modern life profoundly. Germany, a prominent example, grapples with transitioning from its fossil-fuelled infrastructure despite governmental support for decarbonization. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and hydrogen appear as crucial tools in this transition. A recent partnership between Germany and Norway seeks to leverage Norway

International Education and Transnational Education Corporations

A major development in international schools since the first decade of the 21st century is the growth of global firms operating revenue-oriented schools. Whereas international schools were once community organizations serving the needs of expatriate communities, the landscape has been transformed into an education industry. Transnational corporations and revenue-oriented nonprofits have acquired s

Evaluating the Applicability of a Real-Time Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecule (HOM)-Based Indicator for Ozone Formation Sensitivity at a Boreal Forest Station

Ground-level ozone (O3), formed via complex photochemistry involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is a critical secondary pollutant and oxidant. Therefore, understanding whether the formation of O3 is NOx- or VOC-limited is essential for effective air quality management. Recently, we demonstrated that the distribution of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) ca

Behavioral manifestations of executive functioning in Swedish youth with ADHD, autism, and psychiatric comorbidity: a comparative analysis with community controls

While several rating scales reliably and cost-effectively assess behavioral executive functioning (EF) in youths with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), questions remain about the impact of comorbidities and dual NDDs on EF as measured by these scales in clinical samples. This study compared behavioral EF profiles among youths with NDDs, both with and without psychiatric comorbidities, non-NDDs

Microglia degrade Alzheimer's amyloid-beta deposits extracellularly via digestive exophagy

How microglia digest Alzheimer's fibrillar amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques that are too large to be phagocytosed is not well understood. Here, we show that primary microglial cells create acidic extracellular compartments, lysosomal synapses, on model plaques and digest them with exocytosed lysosomal enzymes. This mechanism, called digestive exophagy, is confirmed by electron microscopy in 5xFAD mouse b

Expanding Choreography through Everyday Movement in the Work of plan b

This book arises from the shared interest in practices of writing of artists and scholars in the field of performance, dance, and visual arts. For all authors writing is - in various forms and to different ends - an essential part of their work: as a movement practice and a mode of self-reflection, an aesthetic and epistemic practice. The different approaches converge in the idea of an "expanded w

Transforming Personal Daily GPS Data Through Performances: Movement, Memory and Time

This thesis examines three plan b performance pieces, which are all based on a long-term practice of recording GPS data daily (15 years for me at time of writing). The works comprise different performative processes to materialise the data through public drawing, narrating and collective knotting. Each of the pieces is related to the respective central themes of movement, memory and time. Through