Cryptography as it is used today relies on a foundational level on the assumptionthat either the Integer Factoring Problem (IFP) or the DiscreteLogarithm Problem (DLP) is computationally intractable. In the 1990s PeterShor developed a quantum algorithm that solves both problems in polynomialtime. Since then alternative foundational mathematical problems to replace IFPand DLP have been suggested. T

Phagocytosis is measured as a functional outcome in many research fields, but accurate quantification can be challenging, with no robust method available for cross-laboratory reproducibility. In this study, we identified a simple, measurable parameter, persistent prey-phagocyte association, to use for normalization and dose-response analysis. We apply this in a straightforward analytical method, p

A search for production of the superheavy elements with atomic numbers 119 and 120 was performed in the 50Ti+249Bk and 50Ti+249Cf fusion-evaporation reactions, respectively, at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. Over four months of irradiation, the 249Bk target partially decayed into 249Cf, which allowed for a simultaneous search for both elements. Neither was detecte

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle-related diseases, such as stroke, heart disease, and diabetes, are examples of noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases are now the leading cause of death in the world, and their major causes are lifestyle related. The number of eHealth interventions is increasing, which is expected to improve individuals' health literacy on lifestyle-related diseases.OBJECTIVE: Thi

Mjölkpulvrets historia. Tycker du att det låter torrt? Då känner du nog inte till att historien om det till synes menlösa mjölkpulvret kantas av allt från giftmord till miljonbedrägerier, nazistanklagelser – och världens allra första brevbomb.I Pulverpionjärerna presenterar livsmedelsteknikern Andreas Håkansson den oväntat rafflande berättelsen om mjölkpulvrets teknik- och kulturhistoria, från des

The evolutionary trajectories of species with separate sexes depend on the effects of genetic variation on female and male traits as well as the direction and alignment of selection between the sexes. Classical theory has shown that evolution is equally responsive to selection on females and males, with natural selection increasing the product of the average relative fitness of each sex over time.

Sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation—in which alleles favored in one sex are disfavored in the other—is predicted to be common and has been documented in several animal and plant populations, yet we currently know little about its pervasiveness among species or its population genetic basis. Recent applications of genomics in studies of SA genetic variation have highlighted considerable met

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and, in Sweden, is the most deadly second only to lung cancer. While treatment and diagnostic options have improved in the past decades and short- to mid-term survival is good, long-term survival is much poorer. On the other hand, many women are likely cured by surgery and radiotherapy alone, but receive unnecessary adjuvant treatment leadin

This thesis deals with the analysis of eye–tracker signals recorded from nystagmus patients. Nystagmus is an eye movement disorder caused by an underlying condition, and patients who suffer from nystagmus express involuntary oscillating eye move- ments. The oscillatory patterns expressed by these patiens are typically linked to the underlying condition, but it is usually difficult to precisely dia

I studiet av den norska kulturhistorien så som den framträder under andra halvan av 1800-talet och 1900-talets två första decennier är Yngvar Nielsen (1843-1916) en person som förekommer i imponerande många sammanhang. Han agerar som historiker och arkivforskare, professor i geografi, museiföreståndare, kulturhistorisk författare, föreningsgrundare och i politiken. Fenomenet med verksamhet på en l

In this article we present and describe an online freely accessible software called Multi-Scattering for the modeling of light propagation in scattering and absorbing media. Part II of this article series focuses on the validation of the model by rigorously comparing the simulated results with experimental data. The model is based on the use of the Monte Carlo method, where billions of photon pack

Background: Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MR) may be used to improve intracranial blood flow measurements. However, standard cardiac synchronization methods tend to fail at ultra-high field MR. Therefore, this study aims to investigate an alternative synchronization technique using Doppler ultrasound. Methods: Healthy subjects (n = 9) were examined with 7T MR. Flow was measured in t

Resolving the structural dynamics of the initial steps of chemical reactions is challenging. We report the femtosecond time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering of the photodissociation of diiodomethane in cyclohexane. The data reveal with structural detail how the molecule dissociates into radicals, how the radicals collide with the solvent, and how they form the photoisomer. We extract how trans