Both empirical and theoretical studies show that an individual's spatial position within a group can impact the risk of being targeted by predators. Spatial positions can be quantified in numerous ways, but there are no direct comparisons of different spatial measures in predicting the risk of being targeted by real predators. Here, we assess these spatial measures in groups of stationary and movi

Some of the most fundamental chemical building blocks of life on Earth are the metal elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an element-specific technique that can analyse the local atomic and electronic structure of, for example, the active sites in catalysts and energy materials and allow the metal sites in biological samples to be identified and understood. A microfluidic device capabl

It is now well established that electrochemical systems can optimally perform only within a narrow range of temperature. Exposure to temperatures outside this range adversely affects the performance and lifetime of these systems. As a result, thermal management is an essential consideration during the design and operation of electrochemical equipment and, can heavily influence the success of elect

Background: Randomised controlled trials in surgery can be a challenge to design and conduct, especially when including a non-surgical comparison. As few as half of initiated surgical trials reach their recruitment target, and failure to recruit is cited as the most frequent reason for premature closure of surgical RCTs. The aim of this qualitative evidence synthesis was to identify and synthesise

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common cause of work disability. The association with occupational load and education level has not been established in general-population studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of clinically relevant CTS with work and education. From the Healthcare Register of Skane region (population 1.2 million) in southern Sweden we identified al

Cognitive decline in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may depend on genetic variability. In the Swedish BioFINDER study, we used polygenic scores (PGS) (for AD, intelligence, and educational attainment) to predict longitudinal cognitive change (measured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) [primary outcome] and other cognitive tests) over a mean of 4.2 years. We included 260 β-amyloid (Aβ)

Background: It has been shown that individuals with obesity have a higher risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear which measure of obesity is most useful for prediction of CKD in the general population. The aim of this large prospective study was to explore the association between several anthropometric measures of obesity, i. e., body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (W

This work reports on an effort to decipher the alignment of brain microvasculature endothelial cells to physical constrains generated via adhesion control on hydrogel surfaces and explore the corresponding responses upon glucose level variations emulating the hypo- and hyperglycaemic effects in diabetes. We prepared hydrogels of hyaluronic acid a natural biomaterial that does not naturally support

It is well known that ecological and evolutionary processes act in concert while shaping biological communities. Diversification can, for example, arise through ecological opportunity and adaptive radiations and competition play an essential role in such diversification. Eco-evolutionary components of competition are thus important for our understanding of community assembly. Such understanding in

Deciphering the genotype–phenotype map necessitates relating variation at the genetic level to variation at the phenotypic level. This endeavour is inherently limited by the availability of standing genetic variation, the rate of spontaneous mutation to novo genetic variants, and possible biases associated with induced mutagenesis. An interesting alternative is to instead rely on the environment a

There is growing evidence that engaging in extra-pair copulations may be a strategy by which females can modify their initial mate choice if they are constrained by primary choice of the social mate. Several factors such as genetic similarity and adult phenotypic traits can affect extra-pair paternity (EPP) patterns, but the relative importance of these factors may vary among species. Moreover, in

Urea is a very attractive chemical raw material for large-scale production as it combines low cost with virtually unlimited supply and essentially no toxic effects. Here, we present a study on its use in the dehydration of trimethylolpropane with formation of 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane. The reaction consists of carbonylation of trimethylolpropane and subsequent extrusion of carbon dioxide. T

We deployed admixture mapping on a sample of 386 deer from a hybrid swarm between native red deer (Cervus elaphus) and introduced Japanese sika (Cervus nippon) sampled in Kintyre, Scotland to search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underpinning phenotypic differences between the species. These two species are highly diverged genetically [Fst between pure species, based on 50K single nucleotide p

Background: Early identification of poor adherence to CPAP treatment is of major clinical importance to optimize treatment outcomes in patients with OSA. Research Question: How do socioeconomic factors influence CPAP adherence? Study Design and Methods: Nationwide, population-based cohort study of patients with OSA receiving CPAP treatment reported to the Swedish quality registry Swedevox between

Objective: To avoid over-treatment of low-risk prostate cancer patients, it is important to identify clinically significant and insignificant cancer for treatment decision-making. However, no accurate test is currently available. Methods: To address this unmet medical need, we developed a novel gene classifier to distinguish clinically significant and insignificant cancer, which were classified ba

Objective: To assess the occurrence of self-reported fatigue among men and women who have returned to work after stroke, and the association between 2 fatigue rating scales. Design: A cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 91 adults (58 men/33 women, mean age 53 years) with mild to moderate disability. Methods: Questionnaires were posted to participants approximately one year after stroke. Fa