Shear banding in sand is an emergent fine-scale mechanism whose characteristic length scale is only a few particles. X-ray scanning a sand specimen under loading allows the analysis of the kinematics of individual grains and grain contacts during deformation. This paper summarises results from one such test performed on Hostun sand, and discusses some key issues that must be addressed in order to

Popular Abstract in Swedish Randomiserade, kontrollerade studier av patientutbildning med tonvikt på patienter med hjärtsvikt och patienter med ledsjukdomar.För att förbättra behandling och omhändertagandet av patienter med kroniska sjukdomar måste kontrollerade studier med olika mål och effektvariabler utföras. En begränsning i många studier är att patientmaterialet är selekterat och patient- proIn order to improve the treatment and care of patients with chronic diseases, controlled studies have to be performed continuously. It is widely believed that giving education/information to patients will increase their knowledge and compliance, which will decrease medical events and cost. Most educational activities in clinical practice are not based on evaluated models of effective disease manag

Popular Abstract in English Nowadays, cutting-edge technologies require devices to be small, ultrafast, and operational in a wide range of regimes. To fulfill these requirements we need to go beyond the traditional materials, i.e. to solids with novel, unconventional and tailorable properties. Great progress in this direction is conjectured to stem from materials in which the effect of inter-partiCutting-edge technology needs small, ultrafast devices, operational in a wide range of regimes. This calls for solids with novel, unconventional and tailorable properties. Great progress is expected from materials in which electron-electron and electron-phonon correlations strongly affect the dynamics ( i.e. "unforeseen" useful properties are expected to be most likely found in systems with comple

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Popular Abstract in SwedishElektronen har, bortsett från sin massa, två grundläggande fysikaliska egenskaper som är av största vikt för denna avhandling i synnerhet och världen i allmänhet: laddning och spinn. Den förra egenskapen har i tiotals decennier använts inom det framgångsrika området elektronik. Den andra ger nu framför våra ögon upphov till det nya och fascinerande ormrådet spinntronik, This thesis deals with single-electron tunneling in transistor-like devices in which the central electrode is either a metal nanoparticle (possibly ferromagnetic) or a molecular magnet. The investigated systems split into two different categories, depending on the size of the central island. The smaller islands, such as ultrasmall magnetic metal nanoparticles and Mn12 molecular magnets, are studie

Abstract in German Bei der interstitiellen photodynamischen Therapie dicker Hautläsionen hat sich herausgestellt, dass Veränderungen in der Gewebelichttransmission erzeugt werden, was eine unmittelbare Folge der Schwankungen des Gesamtblutvolumens und der Sauerstoffsättigung ist. Zur Simulation der Energiedichte- und der Gesamtlichtdosisverteilung im Zielgewebe wurde in zwei Fällen eine Finite-EleInterstitial photodynamic therapy on thick skin lesions has been shown to induce changes in tissue light transmission as a direct consequence of variations in total blood volume and oxygen saturation. A finite element method was used in order to simulate the fluence rate distribution and total light dose throughout the target tissue for two cases. The first case constitutes a pre-treatment model w

When production is outsourced consumers possibilities to inform themselves about production processes is reduced. Information instruments for consumers, e.g. labelling, are more difficult to apply when materials and chemicals used during production cannot be monitored easily. The globalisation of production and consumption is a challenge for consumers as regards quality of products. This paper us

Different measures of net-charge fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion interactions, namely, v(Q), v(R), Γ and νdyn, are discussed and compared. Their behaviors are confronted in the context of different experimental scenarios. It is found that the νdyn observable exhibits most of the experimentally desirable features. The v(Q) and Γ observables are also appropriate although proper care must

Döden är ett evigt tema. Men diskursen runt döden i dess mångskiftande former är underkastad ständig förändring. Döden kan ses som ett hot och ett gissel men också som en befrielse, ett straff eller som ett redskap för att befria samhället från oönskade individer. I samtliga fall kan man tala om döden som en reningsprocess – som katharsis. Det är denna föränderliga diskurs som tas upp i denna bok.