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The hydrogen bonds of the imidazolium-ring H atoms of ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amides ([Cnmim][TFSA], n = 2 to 12 where n represents the alkyl chain length), with the O atom of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been elucidated using 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy and soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy (XAS and XES). Density functiona
Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been performed on the N K-edge of two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([C 2 mim][TFSA]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C 2 mim][Br]),
An approach to model the effect of exercise on the growth of mammal long bones is described. A Ginzburg-Landau partial differential equation system is utilised to study the change of size and shape of a cross-section caused by mechanically enhanced bone growth. The concept is based on a phase variable that keeps track of the material properties during the evolution of the bone. The relevant free e
A method for identifying the material constants of an elastic/visco-plastic meterial under tensile impact loading is proposed. In this method, the Kalman filter and the finite element method are used together with a few test data. To obtain data for high strain rates, notched specimens are employed, because arbitrarily shaped specimens are available in this method. To increase the accuracy of iden
We evaluate proposed interpretations of previous X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) data on liquid water. The split peak in the lone-pair orbital region has been interpreted in terms of either two different structural motifs, tetrahedral and distorted, or as due to core-hole-induced dissociative dynamics; here we add new data on a 1:1 H2O/D2O isotopic mixture and additional spectrum simulations inc
The structure of liquid water is presently under intense debate. We summarize the historical development of the present description of water and the controversy surrounding the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study of Wernet et al. [Ph. Wernet et al., Science 304 (2004) 995]. In order to provide further insight into the connection between X-ray spectroscopy and the structure of the hydrogen bo
