A reduced VAT rate can apply to works of art. However, the definition of art for this beneficial treatment can differ from the art definition experts use. This is especially the case with regard to photographs. The central question in this article is whether this different view can be based on inherent characteristics of VAT as the ECJ claims. In order to answer this question, the article starts w

Det är Herrens år 1398. Korsfararnas och legoknektarnas tid. Kalmarunionen har nyligen grundats och på Gotland har Tyska orden landstigit med sin här och befriat befolkningen från de sjörövare som härskat på ön. Samma kväll som riddarna firar segern i Visby försvinner en av stadens viktigaste handelsmän. Ordensriddarnas betrodde spårhund, Thierry av Liège, får i uppdrag att utreda vad som hänt. En

A significant fraction of stars between 7 and 11 solar masses are thought to become supernovae, but the explosion mechanism is unclear. The answer depends critically on the rate of electron capture on Ne20 in the degenerate oxygen-neon stellar core. However, because of the unknown strength of the transition between the ground states of Ne20 and F20, it has not previously been possible to fully con

Objective To investigate the association of infections with the subsequent development of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in a large population-based cohort from a defined geographic area in Sweden.Methods Patients diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed GCA between 2000 and 2016 were identified through the database of the Department of Pathology in Skåne, the southernmost region of Sweden. For each GCA case,

A deprioritization of economic growth in policy making in the rich countries will need to be part of a global effort to re-embed economy and society into planetary boundaries. However, societal support for a degrowth transition remains for the time being moderate, and it is not well understood as yet why this is the case. This article argues that Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology can help theorize socie

Robert Alexy’s theory of legal argumentation is among the notable contributions made to mainstream jurisprudence in the last three decades. Remaining true to its rational discursive mission, it engages with both analytical positivism and natural law theories. A recent collection of essays edited by George Pavlakos explores Alexy’s theory from a number of philosophical standpoints, revealing its th

I tider av krig, hungersnöd eller pandemier har apokalyptiska visioner frodats. Berättelserna var en tidig form av skräcklitteratur som gav konturer åt lidandet och i någon mån gjorde det mer uthärdligt. Men ända in i modern tid har apokalyptiska texter också fungerat som motståndslitteratur mot förtryckare

Denna rapport behandlar den osteologiska analysen av djurbenen från en arkeologisk slutundersökning i fastigheten Öllsjö 67:1 (L1987:3648). Analysen omfattar ben från fem grophus och en härd som daterats till yngre järnålder, med tyngdpunkt på vendeltid. Denna rapport redovisar resultaten från denna analys, samt från två kompletterande 14C-dateringar av ben från två grophus. Analysen har skett ino

Denna rapport behandlar den osteologiska analysen av djurbenen från en arkeologisk slutundersökning av Öllsjö by i fastigheten Öllsjö 6:22, Skepparslövs socken (L1990:5301), år 2002. Analysen omfattar ben från ett gårdsläge daterad till sen vikingatid-tidigmedeltid. Denna rapport redovisar resultaten från denna analys, samt från två kompletterande 14C-dateringar av ben från två grophus. Analysen h

Few germline mutations are known to affect lung cancer risk. We performed analyses of rare variants from 39,146 individuals of European ancestry and investigated gene expression levels in 7,773 samples. We find a large-effect association with an ATM L2307F (rs56009889) mutation in adenocarcinoma for discovery (adjusted Odds Ratio = 8.82, P = 1.18 × 10−15) and replication (adjusted OR = 2.93, P = 2

Foam is one of the unique properties of beer, but how the amphiphilic components stabilize the foam is still not fully understood. This study concerns the main surface active components. For this purpose, protein from barley and iso-humulone from hop, were extracted from raw materials separately to be able to consider their effect separately and in the controlled mixture. The layers were formed in

The heat flux method is advantageous for obtaining adiabatic stretch-less flame and measuring laminar burning velocity, SL, with low uncertainty. However, its implementation is sometimes hampered by the instability, manifested as cellularity of the flame stabilized over a flat perforated burner. This paper summarizes the approaches of flame cellularity abatement on the heat flux burner, which are

Seven skeletal reaction mechanisms are presented to highlight key chemistry for mechanism reduction of small alcohol fuels at engine conditions. The mechanisms predict ignition delay times, laminar burning velocity, and extinction strain rate, within 5% of their corresponding complex mechanisms used as a start point for reduction. The mechanisms were developed for equivalence ratio range of 0.7–1.