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A highly chemoselective strategy for the synthesis of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) homopolymer and highly substituted N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl chitosan derivatives was achieved using di-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-3,6-O-chitosan (di-TBDMS chitosan) as a precursor. The influence of different solvents, reagents and other reaction conditions on the reduction, trimethylation and quaternization of these di-T

Asthma is often difficult to control and it is likely that not all patients are optimally treated. This study aimed to explore asthma control in adults receiving fixed dose combination (FDC) therapy. Control of asthma was assessed using the mannitol challenge test as a monitoring tool to see if this would give additional information compared to the asthma control test (ACT). The study was an open-

Intranasal cooling can be used to initiate therapeutic hypothermia. However, direct measurement of brain temperature is difficult and the intra-cerebral distribution of temperature changes with cooling is unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure the brain temperature of human volunteers subjected to intranasal cooling using non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR) methods. Intranasal balloons

Sinusitis is a very common disease and improved diagnostic tools are desirable also in view of reducing over-prescription of antibiotics. A non-intrusive optical technique called GASMAS (GAs in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy), which has a true potential of being developed into an important complement to other means of detection, was utilized in this work. Water vapor in the frontal sinus

Aims/hypothesis Many cystic fibrosis patients are vitamin D-insufficient. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes is a major complication of cystic fibrosis. The literature suggests that vitamin D might possess certain glucose-lowering properties. We aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D and cystic fibrosis-related glucose intolerance. Methods We enrolled 898 cystic fibrosis patients from Sw

Personalized nutrition has the potential to enhance individual health control. It could be seen as a means to strengthen people’s autonomy as they learn more about their personal health risks, and receive dietary advice accordingly. We examine in what sense personalized nutrition strengthens or weakens individual autonomy. The impact of personalized nutrition on autonomy is analyzed in relation to

The Lie splitting algorithm is frequently used when splitting stiff ODEs or, more generally, dissipative evolution equations. It is unconditionally stable and is con- sidered to be a robust choice of method in most settings. However, it possesses a rather unfavorable local error structure. This gives rise to order reductions if the evolution equation does not satisfy extra compatibility assumption

Strategies employing different techniques to inhibit or stimulate neurogenesis have implicated a role for adult-born neurons in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs, as well as a role in memory formation. Electroconvulsive seizures, an animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, robustly stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis but it is not known how this relates to either therapeutic efficacy

Nonspecific chromosomal aberrations (CAs) are found in about 1% of lymphocytes drawn from healthy individuals. They include chromosome-type aberrations (CSAs), which are increased in exposure to ionizing radiation, and chromatid-type aberrations (CTAs) which in experimental systems are formed by DNA binding carcinogens and mutagens. The frequency of CAs is associated with the risk of cancer, but t

Recently, the lineage hTURDUS2 of Haemoproteus minutus (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) was reported to cause mortality in captive parrots. This parasite lineage is widespread and prevalent in the blackbird Turdus merula throughout its entire distribution range. Species identity of other closely related lineages recently reported in dead parrots remains unclear, but will be important to determine fo

The nephrotoxicity of cadmium at low levels of exposure, measured by urinary cadmium, has recently been questioned since co-excretion of cadmium and proteins may have causes other than cadmium toxicity. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between kidney function and low or moderate cadmium levels, measured directly in kidney biopsies.

Hearing function lost by degeneration of inner ear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the auditory nervous system could potentially be compensated by cellular replacement using suitable donor cells. Donor cell-derived neuronal development with functional synaptic formation with auditory neurons of the cochlear nucleus (CN) in the brainstem is a prerequisite for a successful transplantation. Here a

A 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine has been developedto prevent infections and diseases related to HPV 6/11/16/18 (as per the licensed quadrivalent HPV [qHPV] vaccine), as well as 5additional oncogenic HPV types (HPV 31/33/45/52/58). Compared with the qHPV vaccine, the 9vHPV vaccine potentially increases the coverage of protection from 70% to 90% of cervical cancers. We compared the i

This article analyzes factors shaping technological capabilities in USA and European countries, and shows that the differences between the two continents in this respect are much smaller than commonly assumed. The analysis demonstrates a tendency toward convergence in technological capabilities for the sample as a whole between 1998 and 2008. The results indicate that social capabilities, such as

The striated muscles of Derocheilocaris typica consist of mononucleated cells, each containing one filament bundle. Large muscles consist of two or more cells adjacent to each other. The mitochondria line up along the filament bundle on one side. The nucleus is situated in the mitochondrial row and has a small cytoplasmic area around it filled with glycogen. The sarcomeres are between 3 and 6 μm l

Objectives: To assess immunohistochemical (IHC) stains differentially expressed between different types of lung cancer. Methods: We evaluated 16 different IHC stains in 209 prospectively included, surgically treated primary lung cancers, including 121 adenocarcinomas, 65 squamous cell carcinomas, 15 large-cell carcinomas, 5 adenosquamous carcinomas, 2 sarcomatoid carcinomas, and 1 small-cell carci

Objective. Human resistin has proinflammatory properties that activate NF-kappa B-dependent pathways, whereas its murine counterpart is associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine potential cross-talk between resistin and insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Levels of IGF-1, IGF binding protein 3, and resistin were m

We have studied the photoinduced low spin (LS) to high spin (HS) conversion of aqueous Fe(bpy)(3) with pulse-limited time resolution. In a combined setup permitting simultaneous X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) and spectroscopic measurements at a MHz repetition rate we have unraveled the interplay between intramolecular dynamics and the intermolecular caging solvent response with 100 ps time resolut

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to investigate the possibility of increasing the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of a tumor-selective radiolabeled antibody when radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is combined with extracorporeal depletion of radioimmunoconjugates from the circulation. Furthermore, the authors evaluated whether this increase in dose improved the therapeutic effect on solid manifest