Metabolite concentrations reflect the physiological states of tissues and cells. However, the role of metabolic changes in species evolution is currently unknown. Here, we present a study of metabolome evolution conducted in three brain regions and two non-neural tissues from humans, chimpanzees, macaque monkeys, and mice based on over 10,000 hydrophilic compounds. While chimpanzee, macaque, and m

A multifunctional peptide tag (HYDHYD) consisting of histidine, tyrosine and aspartate residues was fused to the N-terminal ends of green fluorescent protein (GFP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and human hemoglobin (Hb), proteins which were subjected to ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), aqueous two-phase system partition, immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), and hydrophobic intera

Birds can save distance and time on their migratory journeys by following great circles rather than rhumblines, but great-circle routes require more complex orientation with changing courses. Flight directions at different places along the route and in relation to the destination can be used to test whether birds migrate along great circles or rhumblines. Such data have indicated great-circle migr

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare malignant tumors, of which 3/4 are high-grade and 1/3 metastasize. For optimal management, STSs should be treated at multidisciplinary sarcoma centers. Study I demonstrated that simple referral guidelines, an open-access outpatient clinic and repeated educative measures to raise sarcoma awareness result in successful referral of untouched STSs to sarcoma center

Temporal coding of spike-times using oscillatory mechanisms allied to spike-time dependent plasticity could represent a powerful mechanism for neuronal communication. However, it is unclear how temporal coding is constructed at the single neuronal level. Here we investigate a novel class of highly regular, metronome-like neurones in the rat brainstem which form a major source of cerebellar afferen

The reliability of the newly constructed Moral Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) was tested in this Pilot study. MAQ aims to assess individual and cultural differences in moral attitudes and expected behavior on a broad scale, contrasting typically consequentialistic attitudes with typically non-consequentialistic attitudes congruent with common-sense moral. Five representative categories with five sto

Background: Higher plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been associated with a lower risk of age related cognitive decline, and to beneficially affect cardiometabolic risk factors. A relation exists between metabolic disorders such as diabetes type 2 and cognitive decline. Results regarding the potential effects of n-3 PUFA on risk factors in healthy subjects are divergent, and studi

The aim of the current study was to examine effects of daily temperature variations on the performance of anaerobic digestion. Forced square-wave temperature variations (between 11 and 25, 15 and 28, and 19 and 32 degrees C) were imposed on a bench-scale digester using a mixture of llama-cow-sheep manure in a semi-continuous process. The volumetric biogas production rate, methane yield, and the vo

Bees are mostly active during the daytime, but nocturnality has been reported in some bee families. We studied temporal flight activity in three species of carpenter bees (genus Xylocopa) in relation to light intensities. X. leucothorax is diurnal, X. tenuiscapa is largely diurnal being only occasionally crepuscular, while X. tranquebarica is truly nocturnal. Occasional forays into dim light by X.

During the last decade, numerous studies of the internet's civic dimensions have taught us a considerable amount about the form of new technologies. They have, for instance, analysed how the internet's interactive character, its multimodality and its open character create civic opportunities, not least for young people. The field has, however, rather neglected a number of important issues. For ins

SIK2 (salt-inducible kinase 2) is a member of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) family of kinases and is highly expressed in adipocytes. We investigated the regulation of SIK2 in adipocytes in response to cellular stimuli with relevance for adipocyte function and/or AMPK signalling. None of the treatments, including insulin, cAMP inducers or AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside), a

The author examines the intriguing mention of “those who curse Yamm” and “rouse Leviathan” in Job 3:8, and tries to relate these expressions to Near Eastern religious history. The old assumption that two texts inscribed on Aramaic incantation bowls indicate the full background of these expressions is challenged, and further evidence is sought in texts such as the Enuma Elish, the Gnosticizing “Hym

There is an urgent need for biomarkers in plasma to identify Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has previously been shown that a signature of 18 plasma proteins can identify AD during pre-dementia and dementia stages (Ray et al, Nature Medicine, 2007). We quantified the same 18 proteins in plasma from 174 controls, 142 patients with AD, and 88 patients with other dementias. Only three of these proteins

INTRODUCTION: Cluster headache (CH) is a primary headache by definition not caused by any known underlying structural pathology. However, symptomatic cases have been described. The evaluation of CH is an issue unresolved. CASE REPORT: A 41-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of side-locked attacks of excruciating severe stabbing and boring right-sided pain located in the temple and the