Stool specimens collected from 1 515 healthy children following a mass vaccination campaign in Cuba were tested for poliovirus excretion using L20B cell lines. In spite of the selectivity of this cell line for polioviruses (117/129; 90.7%) some other nonpolio enteroviruses (12/129: 9.3%), such as coxsackie A virus types 4, 8 and 10, can grow in L20B cells.

OBJECTIVES: Implementing environmental surveillance for poliovirus circulating from wastewater.METHODS: Six wastewater samples were collected from each final site within a wastewater collection system in Armenia, Quindío. Virus was extracted and concentrated by a method using polyethylenglycol and sodium chloride as concentrating agent. Polioviruses were identified by polymerase chain reaction ass

Type 1 diabetes associated genes account for less than 50% of disease susceptibility. Human enteroviruses have been implicated as environmental factors that might trigger and/or accelerate this autoimmune disorder. We now report of a 12-year-old girl that developed pancreatic autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes after enteroviral infection. Diabetes-associated autoimmunity was evaluated by measurement

Samples of feces and sera obtained from 3-year-old children were studied to increase the knowledge about the circulations of virus vaccines during the massive campaigns. The use of the oral polio vaccine with schemes of massive campaigns allows the circulation of the virus vaccine 2 months after their completion. The use of continual vaccination schemes makes possible the circulation of the virus

This invited contribution is a reflection on my motivation for writing the book Leadership and Organization: A Philosophical Introduction (Spoelstra, 2018). The premise of the book is that popular leadership adjectives, e.g. ‘transformational’, ‘authentic’ and ‘servant’, are much more interesting than the corresponding leadership constructs suggest. The book claims that these popular leadership co

Fecal samples were weekly obtained from children under 3 years of age to isolate non-polio poliovirus and enterovirus and to expand the knowledge on circulation of vaccine-derived viruses during mass campaigns. The steady vaccination schedules allow the circulation of these viruses for long periods of time. The interference of non-polio enterovirus by vaccine poliovirus was demonstrated in childre

Background: The Swedish National Patient Registry (NPR) is a nationwide registry that is used extensively for epidemiological research. Using the NPR, we recently found a recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) incidence of 650/100,000 (0.65%) pregnant women in Sweden. It is of great importance that the quality of the coding is good and reliable in order to use NPR data for research. To specifically study

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To determine whether the emergent infection by echovirus 16 that occurred in Cuba during the year 2000 was related to the presence of Type 1 diabetes associated autoantibodies.METHODS: The presence of ICA, IAA, GADA, IA2 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) to echovirus 16 were determined in sera from 38 infected children and adolescents and 80 control subjects, matched i

BACKGROUND: Recent outbreaks of poliomyelitis caused by vaccine-derived virus have raised concerns that vaccine-derived poliovirus may continue to circulate after eradication. In these outbreaks, the virus appears to have replicated for > or =2 years before detection. Early detection is critical for an effective response to these outbreaks. Although acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance will

INTRODUCTION: Poliomyelitis is currently a rare disease in developed countries, where only vaccinal strains seem to be in circulation, which replace wild poliovirus. Nevertheless, it is still a serious disease for children in underdeveloped countries of Asia and Africa.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed nine strains of poliovirus type 2 isolated from the faecal matter of patients with vaccine assoc

The introduction of a mollecular method to identify the Entoviruses based on the amplification sequecing and phylogenetic analysis of protein VPI was described. It was proved that this method reduces significantly the time required for the identification of the isolated Entoviruses and that it is very useful in the characterization of isolates which are difficult to typify by the routine immunoloi

From April to September 2000, an epidemic of aseptic meningitis spread throughout Cuba, with 16,943 reported cases. Virologic studies identified echovirus 16 as the cause of this epidemic. This is the first reported isolate of echovirus 16 from patients with viral meningitis in Cuba.

BACKGROUND: With substantial progress made toward polio eradication, developing the appropriate strategy for discontinuing global oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) after global eradication becomes increasingly important. At issue is the theoretical risk of independent circulation of potentially virulent OPV-derived strains. Because Cuba uses OPV only in mass campaigns, it represents an ideal site to a

During the epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy which occurred in Cuba in 1992-1993, viruses antigenically related to the Coxsackie viruses were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of patients. Concurrently with the virologic studies, epidemiologic, toxicologic, nutritional, immunologic, and histopathologic investigations were also carried out. Although it was demonstrated that the illness wa

The erradication of poliomyelitis in the world is a goal that requires the adoption of effective and safe strategies for its attainment. Knowing how long the strains of poliovirus derived from the oral attenuated virus vaccine may circulate and remain in the environment was essential to define the measures to be taken and was also the objective of our paper. Specimens of stools and sewage water, w

For the detection of Enterovirus, we devised a direct economical method of polymerase chain reaction which does not require a previous extraction of ribonucleic acid and uses infected cell culture supernatants. The system was developed on the basis of universal primers of Enterovirus and specific primers of vaccinal strain Sabin 1. The achieved results proved that the non-existence of methods of R

This paper reported the appraisal of a novel technology for the detection of enterovirus in sewage based on a viral recovery method using polyethylenglycol as a concentrating agent and on the combined use of viral isolation and polymerase chain reaction as viral detection and identification techniques. It was also confirmed that the viral recovery method is highly efficient since it allows to reco

During the epidemic of neuropathy occurred in Cuba from 1992 to 1994 viral agents antigenically related to the Coxsackie viruses were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients. To establish a function of these viruses in the etiopathogenesis of the disease, strains 47/93 IPK identified as Coxsackie A9 and the strain 44/93 of light cytopathic effect were selected to conduct a study of their

The polymerase chain reaction techniques was introduced for the intratypic characterization of Poliovirus. Primers were used only to promote the amplification of the Sabin vaccine strains proved by electrophoretic run of the amplified DNA products (Sabin 1-97 pb, Sabin 2-71 pb, Sabin 3-44 pb) and whose specificity was satisfactorily verified. 23 Cuban poliovirus strains isolated and identified at