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In Pb-free solder alloys used in solder balls of diameter of 50 µm or smaller, larger proportion of Cu6Sn5 intermetallics formation is a major reliability concern, and this is aggravated in presence of external thermal gradient. A complete understanding of the mechanism for intermetallics compound (IMC) growth under thermomigration is essential for devising solder materials resistant to degradatio
A Soft X-ray Laser project (the SXL) aiming to produce FEL radiation in the range of 1 to 5 nm is currently in a conceptual design phase and a report on the design is expected to be delivered by March 2021. The FEL will be driven by the existing 3 GeV linac at MAX IV laboratory, which also serves as injector for the two storage rings. The science case has been pushed by a large group of mainly Swe
Objectives: To assess if mammographic density (MD) changes during neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment and is predictive of a pathological complete response (pCR). Methods: We prospectively included 200 breast cancer patients assigned to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in the NeoDense study (2014–2019). Raw data mammograms were used to assess MD with a fully automated volumetric method and radiolog
Web-based public participatory GIS (PPGIS) has been used by governmental organizations to facilitate people's contribution to decision-making processes. However, these applications do not provide an open and transparent environment for public participation. This study suggests that PPGISs should be developed as decentralized applications (DApp) based on Ethereum blockchain technology to have a ful
There is an increasing demand from the user community for high quality FEL radiation. The spectrum of this radiation can prove to be a useful tool in characterizing the FEL process. Starting from a tool initially developed at FERMI we extend its capabilities to be able to analyze the modal components of the FEL spectrum. In this paper we will describe and compare two different figures of merit and
A Soft X-ray FEL (the SXL) using the existing 3 GeV linac at the MAX IV Laboratory is currently in the design phase. In this contribution, start-to-end simulations, including the photo-injector simulations using ASTRA, the linac simulations using ELEGANT and the FEL simulations using GENESIS, are presented for 100 pC and 10 pC operation modes. The features of the electron beam from the MAX IV lina
The role of the IPCC as a boundary, or hybrid organization, between science and policy has been well-documented. Much of this research focuses on the role that the IPCC has had in shaping policy outcomes, or how its limitations have potential impacts in uptake and political acceptability of its knowledge claims. Less has been said on its role as an organizer of scientific research. This paper take
A Soft X-ray FEL (the SXL) is currently being designed at the MAX IV Laboratory. In the work to adapt the FEL to the scientific cases several advanced options are being studied for coherence enhancement, generation of short pulses and two-color pulses. We will discuss the current status and initial results of the schemes studied, especially regarding the FEL performance with the features of the MA
Due to the stochastic nature of SASE radiation its longitudinal coherence is limited to a small fraction of the electron bunch. By pre-bunching the electrons before entering a radiator, the FEL radiation is ensured to have the same initial phase all through the bunch. Echo enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) is a technique that, by cleverly using two modulators and two dispersive sections, creates
Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytopathology (FNAC) of lymph nodes is a very common, inexpensive, and rapid diagnostic procedure and can lead to the accurate and timely diagnosis of one of the wide range of pathological processes that involve lymph nodes. These diagnoses include specific reactive processes, specific infections such as tuberculosis, metastatic carcinomas and melanomas, and some lymp
Background: The prevalence of ex vivo ‘high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR)’ and its relationship with recurrent vascular events/outcomes in patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for completed manuscripts until
Context and purpose: Individual participant data-level meta-regression (IPD) analysis is superior to meta-regression based on aggregate data in determining Dietary Reference Values (DRV) for vitamin D. Using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with vitamin D3-fortified foods, we undertook an IPD analysis of the response of winter serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) to total vitamin D intak
To investigate the effects of changes in biopolymer composition on moisture in acetylated poplar wood (Populus euramericana Cv.), the acetylation of control wood was compared to the acetylation of wood with reduced hemicellulose or lignin content (about 9% reduction of total specimen dry weight in both cases). Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry of water-saturated wood gave spin–spi
In this paper, a novel cognitive architecture for action recognition is developed by applying layers of growing grid neural networks. Using these layers makes the system capable of automatically arranging its representational structure. In addition to the expansion of the neural map during the growth phase, the system is provided with a prior knowledge of the input space, which increases the proce
In this paper we study resilience of TDMA-based wireless sensor networks to node failures. We investigate exploiting mutlicast routing for providing redundancy in the number of gateways used by data streams, so as to protect them against gateway failures. To do this, we develop an optimization model aiming at packet traffic throughput maximization composed of three mixed-integer programming proble
Sharing economy platforms have been transforming production and consumption systems in cities around the world. While the sharing economy may contribute to addressing sustainability issues, its actual economic, social and environmental impacts remain poorly understood. Advancing more sustainably promising forms of sharing and leveraging its benefits, while circumventing its pitfalls, is becoming i
