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In this project different aqueous based solvent systems were investigated for the dissolution of steam exploded (STEX) dissolving pulps prior to a coagulation step for preparation of textile fibers. The pulp samples studied could, to a large degree, be dissolved in a NaOH/urea/thiourea system, but there are always residuals, irrespective of the conditions. The dissolution process appeared to be ki
In this paper, a large scale molecular dynamic method for reconstruction of the catalyst layers (CLs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells is developed as a systematic technique to provide an insight into the self-organized phenomena and the microscopic structure. The proposed Coarse-Grained (CG) method is developed and applied to the step formation process, which follows the preparation of the
Twenty-four human bifidobacterial strains were analysed for cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) using a salt aggregation test (SAT) and a Congo red binding (CRB) assay. Three strains were selected for a systematic study on the CSH and biofilm formation: Bifidobacterium breve 46, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 8:8 and a reference strain B. animalis ssp. lactis JCM 10602. CRB of the B. breve 46
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to hypothesize that value-driven purchasing of customized kitchen cabinets is more profitable than market-driven purchasing in industrialised housing construction. The hypothesis is examined through a case study of kitchen carpentry at one of the Sweden's largest producers of industrialised prefabricated multi-storey housing. By comparing characteristics of m
We present experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of photoionization time delays from the 3s and 3p shells in Ar in the photon energy range of 32-42 eV. The experimental measurements are performed by interferometry using attosecond pulse trains and the infrared laser used for their generation. The theoretical approach includes intershell correlation effects between the 3s and 3p sh
Different methods of preparing lipases for use in organic media are critically reviewed. Solid lipase preparations can be made by typical immobilisation methods such as adsorption, entrapment, covalent coupling or cross-linking. Immobilisation is especially attractive for lipases because, in addition to the normal benefits of enzyme immobilisation, it can also lead to a considerable increase in ca
We present a method to fabricate nanometer scale gaps within InAs nanowires by selectively etching InAs/InP heterostructure nanowires. We used vapor-liquid-solid grown InAs nanowires with embedded InP segments of 10-60 nm length and developed an etching recipe to selectively remove the InP segment. A photo-assisted wet etching process in a mixture of acetic acid and hydrobromic acid gave high sele
Background: Families living with mental illness can experience added burden and eventually own ill health. National and international guidelines support the development of web based solutions to cost-effectively address health care needs. Mapping patterns of internet use may help tailor interventions to effectively address users' needs. Aim: The study's aim was to explore the contents of relatives
We have synthesized and investigated the anisotropic growth of interesting silver nanorice. Its growth is kinetically controlled at 100 degrees C, and both oriented attachment and Ostwald ripening are involved, with the former growth mode dominating the anisotropic growth of the nanorice along the < 111 > direction. This one-directional growth is initiated by an indispensable seed-selection proces
Background: Fracture displacement is the most important factor associated with nonunion of a scaphoid waist fracture. We evaluated the performance characteristics of radiographs and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of intraoperative displacement and instability of scaphoid waist fractures using wrist arthroscopy as the reference standard. Methods: During a six-year period (2004 to 2010) a
Introduction: In sepsis, mitochondria have been associated with both initial dysfunction and subsequent upregulation (biogenesis). However, the evolvement of mitochondrial function in sepsis over time is largely unknown, and we therefore investigated mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood immune cells (PBICs) in sepsis patients during the first week after admission to the intensive care uni
This article analyses and discusses standardisation in human service organisations and its implications for professionals and for professionalism in social work. The theoretical framework derives from neo-institutional theory and theories regarding professionalism. By highlighting the role of professionals within a field influenced by organisational demands and market endeavour, this article contr
Various differential cross-sections are measured in top-quark pair (t (t) over bar) events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV at the LHC with the ATLAS detector. These differential cross-sections are presented in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1). The differential cross-sections are presented in terms of kinematic vari
Background: The preclinical patterns of biological markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vivo need further exploration. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate CSF biomarkers, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cognitive performance in cognitively healthy older individuals. Method: Within a 2-week period, 32 cognitively healthy older individuals underwent CSF analysis, rCBF m
To investigate biomarker patterns in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with extraarticular manifestations.
Background: Photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is an uncommon condition, and there is a lack of validated criteria for its diagnosis. Objective: To identify a set of relevant criteria to be considered when suspecting a diagnosis of PACD and to assess the reproducibility of these criteria. Methods: This was a diagnostic item selection and reliability study performed between July 2012 and Octob
Background There are limited data comparing radiofrequency catheter ablation with antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods We randomly assigned 294 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and no history of antiarrhythmic drug use to an initial treatment strategy of either radiofrequency catheter ablation (146 patients) or the
We investigated neural distinctions between inflectional and derivational morphology and their interaction with lexical frequency using the mismatch negativity (MMN), an established neurophysiological index of experience-dependent linguistic memory traces and automatic syntactic processing. We presented our electroencephalography (EEG) study participants with derived and inflected words of variabl
