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Att utforma tvistlösningsklausuler som flerstegsklausuler har blivit allt vanligare inom kommersiella avtal. Sådana klausuler föreskriver en viss ordning för tvistelösning där ett inledande steg ofta utgörs av exempelvis förhandling, medan det slutliga steget vanligtvis är prövning i allmän domstol eller skilje-förfarande. Flerstegsklausuler beskrivs vidare som ett medel för att uppnå effektiv tviThe drafting of dispute resolution clauses as multi-step clauses has become increasingly common in commercial contracts. Such clauses prescribe a specific order for dispute resolution where the initial stage often consists of negotiations, while the final stage typically involves general court or arbitration. Multi-tier clauses are further described as a means of achieving efficient dispute resolu

Enligt 8 kap. 4 § rättegångsbalken ska en advokat redbart och nitiskt utföra anförtrodda uppdrag och iaktta god advokatsed. Bestämmelsen speglar advokatyrkets särskilda ansvar och aktualiserar bland annat krav på tystnadsplikt och diskretion, omsorg och kompetens samt lojalitet. Uppsatsen behandlar hur advokatetiska krav påverkas när generativ artificiell intelligens (GAI) används som arbetsverktyPursuant to Chapter 8, Section 4 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure, Swedish lawyers (members of the Swedish Bar) must perform entrusted assignments conscientiously and with integrity and comply with good professional conduct. This requirement reflects the special responsibilities of the legal profession and, inter alia, engages the duty of confidentiality and the duty of discretion, the du

BACKGROUNDAndrogen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but their clinical benefit is limited by treatment resistance.METHODSTo investigate the mechanisms of ARSI resistance, we analyzed the whole-genome (n = 45) and transcriptome (n = 31) sequencing data generated from paired metastatic biopsies obt

Introduction: A core element of caring science, is for caregivers to understand and collaborate with patients. Previous research shows that women receiving forensic psychiatric care evoke strong emotions among caregivers, but there is little research on the subject, and increased knowledge about caregivers’ experiences of providing care for female patients in forensic psychiatry, and of balancing

Multilateration, positioning a receiver using pseudodistances to known senders, is a problem with 5G and GNSS positioning applications. In contrast, trilateration uses direct distances and was reformulated as an eigenvalue problem in a recent work, resulting in a very competitive positioning method. This paper extends that reformulation to a more general class of problems subsuming multilateration

The publications of the roof-tiles from Acquarossa, Poggio Civitate and San Giovenale have left a number of issues in need of further discussion. Besides three sections of special character (1, 4, 6) and two concentrated on tile dimensions (3, 5), the article centres around five questions of more general interest: contacts between the early Etruscan/Latial and Campanian terracotta industries (2),

Hand-eye calibration is a common problem in the field of collaborative robotics, involving the determination of the transformation matrix between the visual sensor and the robot flange to enable vision-based robotic tasks. However, this process typically requires multiple movements of the robot arm and an external calibration object, making it both time-consuming and inconvenient, especially in sc

Importance Substantial improvements in childhood cancer survival have created a critical need to address serious long-term health complications, such as valvular heart disease (VHD). Objective To identify treatment-related risk factors for VHD in a large European cohort of long-term childhood cancer survivors. Design, Setting, and Participants This nested case-control study used data from the PanC

This open access edited volume discusses the impact of digitalization on taxation, using the Swedish welfare state model as a lens through which to examine the disruptive effect of new technologies on traditional tax models. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, it integrates perspectives from economics, law, audit, and public policy to shed light on contemporary challenges in taxation. With Sweden

This study aimed to explore how PEth and other commonly used alcohol biomarkers (CDT, AST, ALT, and GGT) respond to regular consumption of what has been generally considered to correspond to low to moderate amounts of alcohol over a 2-week period. A total of 21 voluntary participants (aged 31–69 years) took part in a 2-week drinking study. Group 1 (n = 11) consumed one glass of wine daily (16 g of

Background: The European ALLTogether protocol for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, initiated in Sweden 2019, introduced earlier asparaginase during induction, dexamethasone instead of prednisone for all patients, and omitted anthracyclines from low-risk induction to reduce treatment-related toxicity. Consolidation-1 was based on the Induction 1B-phase developed by the BFM-group, replacing m

In this paper we revisit positioning from Doppler measurements, using techniques from algebraic geometry to produce new theoretical insights and efficient localization algorithms. First, we give a full characterization of the problem, identifying for each problem their minimal configurations, that is the minimum number of receivers and transmitters to have a finite number of solutions. We also stu

This chapter explores key developments in international tax law amid the digitalization of the global economy. It examines challenges in taxing multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the OECD’s reform efforts under “Pillars One and Two”. The current tax system, designed for a pre-digital era, struggles to capture revenue from digital businesses, enabling profit shifting to low-tax jurisdictions and

The technical development, involving digitalization, artificial intelligence, automation, and machine learning, can challenge the current tax system and consequently the means to finance public sector activities in several ways. If technology replaces labor, a tax base that is taxed relatively hard will be replaced by a tax base (capital) that generates less tax revenue, and consequently, less tot

3:12-regelverket reglerar utdelning och kapitalvinst vid försäljning av aktier från ett fåmansföretag. Ett fåmansföretag har ett fåtal delägare som har beslutanderätt i företaget. Definitionen av ett fåmansföretag kan även uppfyllas i företag med flera delägare då dessa, under vissa förutsättningar, kan anses som en enda. Genom åren har 3:12-regelverket genomgått flera förändringar efter att ha anThe 3:12-rules regulate dividends and capital gains upon the sale of shares in a close company. A close company has a small number of shareholders who have decision rights in the company. The definition of a close company can also be fulfilled in companies with several shareholders as these, under certain conditions, are considered as one single shareholder. Over the years, the 3:12-rules have und

I svenska kupongaktiebolag finns en möjlighet, men ingen skyldighet, att utfärda aktiebrev. I de fall aktiebrev har utfärdats stadgas i aktiebolagslagen (2005:551) att tradition av aktiebrevet krävs för en sakrättsligt giltig överlåtelse. Vilka regler som gäller i de fall aktiebrev saknas framgår dock vare sig av lagtexten eller av Högsta domstolens praxis. Denna uppsats behandlar det sakrättsligaCoupon companies, a type of limited company, have the option, but are not obliged, to issue share certificates. If a share certificate has been issued, the Swedish Companies Act (2005:551) stipulates that protection in rem is acquired through tradition of the share certificate. However, which rules apply in cases where share certificates have not been issued is not clear either from the legislatio

Genom en rättsdogmatisk och rättsanalytisk metod undersöker denna uppsats hur undantaget för text- och datautvinning (TDM) i 15 a § lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk (upphovsrättslagen, URL) ska tolkas i relation till träning av generativ artificiell intelligens. Uppsatsen behandlar även huruvida den nuvarande regleringen ger en balanserad avvägning mellan upphovsrUsing a legal dogmatic and legal analytical approach, this thesis examines how the exception for text and data mining (TDM) in section 15a of the Swedish Act (1960:729) on Copyright in Literary and Artistic Works should be interpreted in relation to the training of generative artificial intelligence. It also addresses whether the current regulation provides a balanced trade-off between copyright p

Sedan framväxten av artificiell intelligens (AI) har de teknologiska framstegen snabbt ökat i både intensitet och omfattning, ofta i en takt som överstiger den hastighet med vilken regelverk kan upprätthålla de rättigheter på vilka Europeiska unionen (EU) är grundad. Försäkringsbranschen är en sektor där teknologiska framsteg inom AI är avgörande för lönsamhet. EU har försökt begränsa potentiella Since the inception of artificial intelligence (AI), technological advancements have rapidly increased in intensity and scope, often outpacing the speed at which regulatory frameworks can preserve the rights on which the European Union (EU) is founded. The insurance industry is a sector in which technological advancements are vital for profitability, a fact seemingly exponentially compounded with

Sexualbrott mot barn utgör en särskilt komplex kategori av brottmål där be-visningen ofta i huvudsak består av barnets utsaga. För att skydda barnet från ytterligare psykisk påfrestning härs barnet i regel inte muntligen inför rätten, utan utsagan förebringas genom videoförhör från förundersökningen. Denna ordning innebär avsteg från principerna om muntlighet och omedelbarhet vilka normalt utgör cSexual offences against children constitute a particularly complex category of criminal cases, in which the evidence often consists primarily of the child´s statement. In order to protect the child from further psychological strain, the child is generally not heard orally before the court. Instead, the statement is presented through video-recorded interviews from the preliminary investigat-ion. Th

Förtal har, mot bakgrund av #metoo-rörelsens framväxt, fått ökad samhällelig uppmärksamhet. Främst kvinnor har blivit dömda för förtal i samband med offentliga uttalanden om upplevelser av sexuella övergrepp, där dem pekat ut en viss man som deras förövare. Offentliga uttalanden om en annans brotts-lighet eller förkastlighet, trots dess sanning, är kriminaliserat i Sverige. San-ningsbevisning tillDefamation has, in the context of the #metoo movement, received increased social attention. Mainly women, have been convicted of defamation in relation to public statements about experiences of sexual assault, in which they have identified a certain man as their perpetrator. Public statements about another´s criminality or reprehensibility, despite its truth, are criminalized in Sweden. Truth evid