Innehållsredovising och granskning

Geometrid moths represent one of the largest radiations of Lepidoptera. Phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and molecular data supports the monophyly of this group of moths. However, the subfamilial and tribal compositions of major groups are still unresolved, leading to unstable classifications. In this thesis, I investigate the phylogenetic relationships of higher geometrid taxa with th

Background: Since its discovery in 2007, the importance of the human gut bacterium Prevotella copri (P. copri) has been widely recognized with its links to diet and health status and potential as next generation probiotic. Therefore, precise, convenient and cost-effective diagnostic tools for the detection and quantification of P. copri from clinical and environmental samples are needed. Results:

Background: Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are community health workers responsible for improving the health status of people by facilitating their access to healthcare services. The life skills of ASHA are known to be effective in negotiating behaviour change in the community; however, there has been a meagre focus towards improving them. Considering this gap, we adopted a comprehensiv

Probing the cellular structure of in vivo biological tissue is a fundamental problem in biomedical imaging and medical science. This work introduces an approach for analyzing diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data acquired by the novel tensor-valued encoding technique for characterizing tissue microstructure. Our approach first uses a signal model to estimate the variance and skewness of the di

The RNA integrity number (RIN) is a frequently used quality metric to assess the completeness of rRNA, as a proxy for the corresponding mRNA in a tissue. Current methods operate at bulk resolution and provide a single average estimate for the whole sample. Spatial transcriptomics technologies have emerged and shown their value by placing gene expression into a tissue context, resulting in transcri

The purpose of the study was to assess both anatomic and functional outcomes between short-pulse continuous wavelength and infrared micropulse lasers in the treatment of DME. This was a prospective interventional study from tertiary care eye hospital—King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Patients with center-involving diabetic macular edema were treated with subthreshold lase

Aims: Antimicrobial resistance presents an increasingly serious threat to global public health, which is directly related to how antibiotic medication is used in society. Actions aimed towards the optimised use of antibiotics should be implemented on equal terms and according to the needs of the population. Previous research results on differences in antibiotic use between socio-economic and demog

Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/

Objective: Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has devastating consequences but therapeutic options and the underlying pathogenesis remain poorly understood despite extensive preclinical and clinical research. One of the drawbacks of most preclinical studies to date is that the mechanisms behind DCI after SAH are studied only in male an

Sulfur and nitrogen oxides (SOx and NOx) are harmful pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by industry and transport sectors. In addition to being hazardous gases, SOx and NOx form sulfuric and nitric acids which contribute to the formation of airborne particulate matter through nucleation and condensation, hence magnifying the environmental impact of these species. In this work, we build a model

Iso-humulone is an essential component for beer derived from hop, which is able to improve foam stability, increase bitterness and prolong shelf life, but its physiochemical properties have not been fully characterised. There is a limited amount of knowledge on how iso-humulone behaves in solution and at interfaces. In this work, the properties of iso-humulone are characterised in solution and at

With the increasing requirements of compressed gas energy storage systems for compressors and expanders, sliding vane rotary compressors are worth trying. To study the influence of different configurations of discharge ports on the performance of compressors, numerical simulations are conducted on the innovative sliding vane compressors with a rotating cylinder. The reliable Renormalization Group

Introduction: There is limited awareness of von Willebrand disease (VWD), leading to challenges in both diagnosis and defining the optimal treatment approach for these patients. Patients with VWD are typically treated on-demand, with short-term prophylaxis used during surgery. In contrast, early initiation, and long-term use of prophylaxis is the standard of care in patients with severe haemophili

Countries with abundant solar radiation have the potential to invest in simple technologies for deactivation of many bacteria and viruses in medical solid waste. In addition to the traditional Infection and Prevention Control (IPC) measures, these simple technologies contribute to better protection of health care workers in countries with compromised solid management schemes. Monitoring of tempera

We investigate stability issues for steady states of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system numerically in Schwarzschild, maximal areal, and Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates. Across all coordinate systems we confirm the conjecture that the first binding energy maximum along a one-parameter family of steady states signals the onset of instability. Beyond this maximum perturbed solutions

Emotions are often accompanied by vocalizations whose acoustic features provide information about the physiological state of the speaker. Here, we ask if perceiving these affective signals in one's own voice has an impact on one's own emotional state, and if it is necessary to identify these signals as self-originated for the emotional effect to occur. Participants had to deliberate out loud about

Objective: To facilitate a greater likelihood of favorable response to new disease-modifying therapies, recruitment of patients at an earlier stage of their disease into clinical trials may be an attractive strategy. Hence, there is a need to develop widely accepted classification criteria for early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). We have proposed a set of classification criteria for early-stage k

The Singhbhum Craton in eastern India is host to at least seven sets of mafic dyke swarms. Four previously dated swarms (studied here) include the NNE-trending Keshargaria (ca. 2.80 Ga) and Ghatgaon (ca. 2.76 - 2.75 Ga) swarms, the ENE-trending Kaptipada swarm (ca. 2.26 Ga), and the ESE-trending Pipilia swarm (ca.1.76 Ga). The dykes range in composition from basalt to andesite and have transitiona