Understanding the impact of various factors on train arrival delays is a prerequisite for effective railway traffic operating control and management. Existing studies model the train delay prediction problems using a single, generic equation, restricting their capability in accounting for heterogeneous impacts of spatiotemporal factors on arrival delays as the train travels along its route. The pa

Background: The core of postnatal care is that midwives recognise the needs of women and new-born babies and provide the highest possible quality of care and medical safety to optimise the health and well-being of new families. The study aimed to describe midwives' experiences in providing postnatal care for families during the first week after the birth of their baby. Methods: An interview study

In order to ensure punctual and robust service, it is vital to have a good understanding of the current performance of a railway network. Several approaches to doing so exist but lack the ability to compare both service and station performance in a single dimension. The study presented here proposes the use of the Rasch analysis technique within an operational context to compare the relative dwell

Incretin-based therapies are highly successful in combatting obesity and type 2 diabetes1. Yet both activation and inhibition of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) in combination with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) activation have resulted in similar clinical outcomes, as demonstrated by the GIPR–GLP-1R co-agonist tirzepatide2 and AMG-133 (ref

Background: The use of insulin pumps (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) in individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) improves disease control. However, adverse skin reactions may hamper compliance. We aimed to assess the relationship of insulin pumps, particularly that of infusion set therapy, used in children and adults with T1D and dermatitis including allergic contact dermati

More than a quarter of all meteorites falling on Earth today originate from the breakup of the L-chondrite parent body (LCPB) ∼470 Ma ago, the largest documented asteroid breakup in the past ∼3 Ga. The event had a profound impact on the inner Solar System, resulting in an orders-of-magnitude increase in L-chondritic material in mid-Ordovician sediments on Earth. Here we show based on Ordovician st

Background: International guidelines recommend placement of intrauterine devices immediately after second-trimester medical abortion, but evidence concerning the optimal time for intrauterine device placement is lacking from clinical trials. Objective: This study aimed to investigate effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of intrauterine device placement within 48 hours, compared with placement

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mental disorders and the use of psychopharmacologic drugs among individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). We studied how the association between CP and mental illness develops over the life course (between ages 5 and 65 years), and how it varies across disability specific factors (intellectual disability, gross motor function and communicative ability).

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from various medicinal plants, emerges as a potential therapeutic agent against diverse human diseases. It has particularly shown notable anticancer efficacy against breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, and liver cancer. Berberine results in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppressing angiogenesis, positioning it as a

Background: There is still much to learn about the explanation for the often-found negative association between sibship size and different child outcomes. A plausible explanation is resource competition between siblings in larger families, as suggested by the resource dilution hypothesis. Objective: This study contributes to our understanding of these mechanisms by investigating the association be

HLA-DR genes are associated with the progression from stage 1 and stage 2 to onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D), after accounting HLA-DQ genes with which they are in high linkage-disequilibrium. Based on an integrated cohort of participants from two completed clinical trials, this investigation finds that sharing a haplotype with the DRB1*03:01 (DR3) allele, DRB3*01:01:02 and *02:02:01 have re

Body water balance is determined by fundamental homeostatic mechanisms that maintain stable volume, osmolality and the composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids. Water balance is maintained by multiple mechanisms that continuously match water losses through urine, the skin, the gastrointestinal tract and respiration with water gains achieved through drinking, eating and metabolic water