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Background & Aims: Evidence for the benefit of scheduled imaging for early detection of hepatobiliary malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is limited. We aimed to compare different follow-up strategies in PSC with the hypothesis that regular imaging improves survival. Methods: We collected retrospective data from 2975 PSC patients from 27 centres. Patients were followed from th
In ecology, multifunctionality metrics measure the simultaneous performance of multiple ecosystem functions. If species diversity describes the variety of species that together build the ecosystem, multifunctionality attempts to describe the variety of functions these species perform. A range of methods have been proposed to quantify multifunctionality, successively attempting to alleviate problem
This chapter examines how the Iraq War shook public confidence in government communications, and the impact of the Phillis Review upon public diplomacy theory and practice. It covers the Carter Review, which assessed levels of accountability in public diplomacy expenditure, and advised the creation of a new oversight board, the Public Diplomacy Board; efforts to make public and digital diplomacy p
The introduction takes off from the inspirational question raised by Cynthia Enloe (1990) over two decades ago: “Where are the women?” In the field of diplomacy, this problematic has received scant attention. The introduction provides for an elaborated discussion of the state-of-the-art in the study of gender, diplomacy and international negotiation. Three core research questions guide the advance
In this last chapter, a series of more general propositions about contemporary gender and diplomacy are identified from the contributions to this book. First, it provides a historical narrative on the exclusions and inclusions in diplomacy over time, suggesting the contours of general trends in the quest to end formal barriers and bring about gender parity. Second, it critically analyses the gende
Background: Measuring multiple and higher-order interaction effects between multiple categorical variables proves challenging. Objectives: To illustrate a multilevel modelling approach to studying complex interactions. Methods: We apply a two-level random-intercept linear regression to a binary outcome for individuals (level-1) nested within strata (level-2) defined by all observed combinations of
Abstract: The cerebellum is the largest sensorimotor structure in the brain. A fundamental organizational feature of its cortex is its division into a series of rostrocaudally elongated zones. These are defined by their inputs from specific parts of the inferior olive and Purkinje cell output to specific cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. However, little is known about how patterns of neuronal acti
Aim As part of its strategic objectives for 2023, EULAR aims to improve the work participation of people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). One strategic initiative focused on the development of overarching points to consider (PtC) to support people with RMDs in healthy and sustainable paid work participation. Methods EULAR's standardised operating procedures were followed. A stee
Objectives To update the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS)-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods Following the EULAR Standardised Operating Procedures, two systematic literature reviews were conducted on non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of axSpA. In a task force meeting, the evidence was presented, discussed
Objectives: To develop EULAR recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of chronic and opportunistic infections in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD). Methods: An international Task Force (TF) (22 members/15 countries) formulated recommendations, supported by systematic literature review findings. Level of evidence and grade of recommendation were assigned for each
Objectives Evaluate the natural course of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) healing on MRI within 5 years of acute ACL rupture and compare 2-year and 5-year outcomes based on healing status and treatment group. Methods Secondary analysis of 120 Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament Nonsurgical vs Surgical Treatment (KANON) trial participants randomised to rehabilitation and optional delayed ACL reconstru
Background: The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) are developed to promote public health and to prevent food-related diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To investigate the nutrient intake and adherence to the NNR in a Swedish cohort with abdominal obesity. Design: Dietary intake data were collected using 3-day food diaries and anthropometry and clinical chemistry
This study examines business model innovation in an established firm. We investigate the case of a Swedish utility company that adopted and implemented a business model pattern originating from outside the firm. We draw upon Scandinavian translation theory to understand the micro-level dynamics of how business model innovation unfolds. Our findings show that the business model pattern is disassemb
This article is a response to Bill Gardner and Kelly McCauley’s ‘gaslighting’ critique of our text on the perils of authentic leadership. Against gaslighting 1.0 (evilly trying to convince people to doubt their perceptions), we propose gaslighting 2.0 (enlightenment). We argue that organizations face severe problems and challenges that cannot be solved by motivating managers to engage in introspec
In this study, the stabilization process is introduced to a clayey expansive soil collected in southern Sweden. The tests examined strength parameters of expansive soil stabilized by different binders using combination of both traditional binders (cement and lime) and alternative materials (slag Merit 5000, fly ash from SCA Lilla Edet and fly ash from coal combustion, ISO certified). The practical
Human-induced salinization increasingly threatens inland waters; yet we know little about the multifaceted response of lake communities to salt contamination. By conducting a coordinated mesocosm experiment of lake salinization across 16 sites in North America and Europe, we quantified the response of zooplankton abundance and (taxonomic and functional) community structure to a broad gradient of e
Sex differences in ecologically important traits are common in animals and plants, and prompted Darwin to first propose an ecological cause of sexual dimorphism. Despite theoretical plausibility and Darwin's original notion, a role for ecological resource competition in the evolution of sexual dimorphism has never been directly demonstrated and remains controversial. I used experimental evolution
Discourse analysis and discourse theories have become an established way for analyzing the social construction of foreign policy. Despite being a broad tent of approaches, all types of discourse analysis share a common interest in revealing the political ideas, linguistic practices, and social relations that constitute foreign policies from a bottom-up perspective. Having a sophisticated concept o
