The broad goal of this thesis is to develop a deeper mathematical understanding of the processes at work in the neuronal network of a brain by rigorously examining very fundamental elements of the processes involved. Paper I considers the flow of discrete signals on a graph and Paper II the complexity arising from the interplay of simple units. The concrete probabilistic investigations of such mod

This chapter analyzes five cases in which the Turkish Constitutional Court banned political parties, advocating for equal citizenship rights for the Kurdish people, based on their alleged violation of the law on political parties, which prohibits claims of the existence of minorities. The chapter aims to explore the conceptualization of minority rights within the juridico-political realm of Turkey

The Long-Term Global Goal (LTGG) is the focal point for addressing future climate change. This paper explores a specific institutional context: the Structured Expert Dialogue (SED) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Set up as a platform for interaction between experts and UN negotiators, the SED is a site where scientific information about the LTGG and net-zero was translat

The Øresund Fixed Link is a 15,9 km road and railway connection between the southerly Swedish city of Malmö and its neighbor across the Øresund strait, Copenhagen, in Denmark. The link, which opened in 2000, consists of an elevated bridge, including a high stay cable bridge, an artificial island, as well as a submerged tunnel. The operators of the link, Øresundsbron Consortium, have recently, as p

Operating enormous, integrated refineries and clusters, the petrochemical industry runs processes in which hydrocarbons are turned into the fundamental components for plastics and other synthetic materials. Continuing a historical trend of consistent output growth, petrochemicals are the largest current driver of oil demand growth. At the same time, the industry is under increasing pressure to tra

This article analyses actor relationships in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) planning in order to better understand the preconditions necessary for planning processes to result in TOD in lower density contexts, in suburbs, or small cities. Empirically, the analysis builds on a comparative case study of TOD planning projects. The focus in the analytical work is on understanding how market condit

In recent years laser driven attosecond sourcesAttosecond sources based on loose geometry high order harmonic generationHigh order harmonic generation reach focused intensities as high as to induce multi-photonMulti-photonmultiple ionizationMultiple ionization or even strong -field effectsEven strong-field effects in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. In this chapter, we review four such sour

The habitual consumption of snacks has the potential to enrich or harm the diet. They can contribute to excessive caloric intake and hyperglycemia. Thus, there is an increasing interest in snacks with health-promoting properties. This study aimed to demonstrate the beneficial effect of two fruit-based bars on glucose levels through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays. Mango (Mangifera indica L

In recent years the thermal extremes have become increasingly severe, and it is expected that hot extremes will become twice as frequent if we are unable to limit global warming. The global warming will increase the available energy in certain weather systems making hurricanes more easily reach the development threshold and the increased displacement of precipitation will cause longer and more int

This paper examines the effects of short-term economic stress, captured by general price volatility and a negative wealth shock on short-run fertility behavior in the rural pre-transitional society of the Cape Colony. First, we link complete birth histories of settler women from the South African Families database to consumer price index data to examine the effect of price volatility on conception

Over the past couple of decades, considerable advances in automation and high-throughput omics technologies have contributed to the generation of unprecedented amounts of molecular data, challenging the traditional “one size fits all” approach in favour of personalised medicine, where the individual needs of patients are addressed.However, the speed at which such molecular data is being acquired d

The COP 15 of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity emphasised the need to monitor, evaluate, and disclose the risks and dependencies of financial institutions on biodiversity. In the light of this context, our paper focuses specifically on banks and is framed by the following overarching question: to what extent have banks identified, integrated, measured, and disclosed their dependency and e

Denna avhandling handlar om hur arkitektur producerar normer genom hållbar stadsutveckling, från formulering av visioner och strategier till materialisering och design. Den handlar också om arkitekturens potentiella roll i att omförhandla och utmana den normativt utstakade vägen framåt, till förmån för alternativa förhållningssätt. Hållbar stadsutveckling beskrivs i avhandlingen som en typologi avArchitecture, planning and urban design are some of the professional practices that contribute to the spatial aspects of societal organization and enable everyday life to run smoothly. The urgent and intertwined challenges of climate change and social injustice have introduced new dimensions to these tasks, frequently framed as working towards ‘sustainable development.’ In this doctoral thesis, I

Alpha masked geometry such as foliage has long been one of the trickier things to render efficiently, both for rasterization based approaches and for hardware accelerated ray-tracing. Recently, a new type of primitive was introduced to the Vulkan® and DirectX® ray-tracing APIs that promises to alleviate this issue: Opacity Micromaps, a structure that uses a bit of extra memory as hints to the pipe