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The Age of Liberty gave rise to a unique form of government in Sweden, the world’s first Freedom of the Press Act and civil rights. Beliefs that those in power should be loyal to the people not to God or the monarch, mark the beginning of profound social changes that took hold with the European Enlightenment.
This article examines how Swedish social democratic women used the enactment of universal suffrage in 1919/1921 as an argument to gain support for separate organising. The article also analyses the extent to which the Swedish National Federation of Social Democratic Women, founded in 1920, used direct (personal) and indirect (media) channels for voter communication. Both scarce economic resources
Objective. This study aimed to investigate the potential of contrastive learning to improve auditory attention decoding (AAD) using electroencephalography (EEG) data in challenging cocktail-party scenarios with competing speech and background noise. Approach. Three different models were implemented for comparison: a baseline linear model (LM), a non-LM without contrastive learning (NLM), and a no
Research on early postwar documentation efforts related to the Second World War and the Holocaust conducted by survivors of Nazi persecution has expanded over the past two decades. Yet, research on how knowledge circulatedtween these efforts – especially across various “borders” – is still nascent. This chapter seeks to gain a better understanding of the role of women’s informalworks during the ea
The fourth issue of the yearbook History of Intellectual Culture (HIC) features a thematic section on the production of knowledge related to the Holocaust. The contributions focus on the circulation of knowledge via letters and other forms of written communication within and among survivor historical commissions after the Second World War with an emphasis on the interplay of gender and other diffe
In this review essay, the authors discuss new scholarly literature on the Europeanisation of the universities. This field has recently started to attract increasinginterest among historians, partly as a new way of writing the history ofthe European integration and the so-called knowledge society. The authors reviewfive books that approach these questions by means of different methods and perspecti
The ability to navigate in an environment is essential to the autonomy of mobile robots and unmanned autonomous vehicles. Informally, path planning computes a collision-free path from a start location to a goal location in a known environment. Computing such paths accounting for the kinematics of the robot is a problem widely addressed in the literature, often focusing on feasibility and optimalit
In the Multiagent Connected Path Planning problem (MCPP), a team of agents moving in a graph-represented environment must plan a set of start-goal joint paths which ensures global connectivity at each time step, under some communication model. The decision version of this problem asking for the existence of a plan that can be executed in at most a given number of steps is claimed to be NP-complete
In many real-world problems stochasticity is a critical issue for the learning process. The sources of stochasticity come from the transition model, the explorative component of the policy or, even worse, from noisy observations of the reward function. For a finite number of samples, traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods provide biased estimates of the action-value function possibly lead
We present a model-free method for solving the Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) problem given a set of trajectories generated by different experts' policies. In many applications, the observed demonstrations are not produced by the same policy. In fact, they may be provided by multiple experts that follow different (but similar) policies or even by the same expert that does not always replicat
Robot control through contact is challenging as it requires reasoning over long horizons and discontinuous system dynamics. Highly dynamic tasks such as Air Hockey additionally require agile behavior, making the corresponding optimal control problems intractable for planning in realtime. Learning-based approaches address this issue by shifting computationally expensive reasoning through contacts t
The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act is a relatively new regulation set out in the European Union (EU). It lays out various requirements for AI systems that are placed on the market in the EU. This paper provides a critical and differentiated view of its requirements from a software engineering perspective. A detailed analysis of the legal document shows what requirements are set out for different
Introduction: Taxonomic instability within the dynamic gut microbiome of very preterm infants can be associated with various adverse outcomes. This longitudinal study was designed to follow the trajectory of microbiome composition and abundance in a cohort of probiotic supplemented very preterm infants with and without sepsis. Methods: Stool samples (n = 180) from probiotic-supplemented participan
Vacuum impregnation (Ⅵ) is a versatile processing technique that enhances the nutritional and functional properties of fruits and vegetables by infusing bioactive compounds into their porous structures. This study demonstrates the utility of Ⅵ for fortifying fresh mango with β-carotene, a critical nutrient for addressing vitamin A deficiency, and for mitigating nutrient loss during solar drying. F
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine de novo synthesis and represents a promising target for cancer therapy. However, current inhibitors of DHODH have limited clinical effectiveness and adverse effects. Herein, we report NK-A 17E-233I, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the human DHODH enzyme, identified through a prospective virtual screening metho
PFAAs emission to the environment represents a potential risk to human health. Although, long-term global scale fate and transport models have been used to investigate potential trends in environmental levels, temporal trends and transports mechanisms of PFAAs are not fully understood. Due to high solubility in water, the behaviour of PFAAs in soil is important for environmental fate estimation an
The influence of three organic compounds and bakers' dry yeast on growth of external mycelium and phosphorus uptake of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith (BEG 87) was examined. Two experiments were carried out in compartmentalized growth systems with root-free sand or soil compartments. The sand and soil in the root-free compartments were left untreated or unif
Soil microbes drive ecosystem function and play a critical role in how ecosystems respond to global change. Research surrounding soil microbial communities has rapidly increased in recent decades, and substantial data relating to phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and potential enzyme activity have been collected and analysed. However, studies have mostly been restricted to local and regional scales
Studies in temperate systems provide evidence that the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) depends on soil nutrient availability, which is mainly explained in the context of resource stoichiometry and differential plant biomass allocation. We applied this concept to an understudied ecosystem - tropical montane forest - analyzing root and AMF abundance along an elevational gradient wit
