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The objective of this thesis is to develop a strategy for statistical/econometric inferences applicable to systemwise testing of econometric models. A common deficiency in many applied econometric studies is the absence of statistical diagnostic testing. A model is only as good as the assumptions being used, and if these assumptions are incorrect then the model can be as good as worthless. In the

Scholars have argued that the end of the Cold War and the War on Terror have radically changed the context of war and defense, diminished the role of nation-states in favor of multi-lateral defense activities, and placed a new focus on human security. International peacekeeping has superseded the traditional act of war-making as the most important defense strategy among wealthy, liberal-democratic

The aim of this study, ”Botanical pictures for the public: On the publication of Carl Lindman’s Bilder ur Nordens flora”, is to investigate the process of how botanical illustrations are designed and produced and how they reach their readers. The perspective is that of book history. The study is based on a large body of previously unresearched empirical material consisting of originals, printed pi

The thermal insulation of clothing is commonly determined by dry thermal manikins either made of plastic or metal. For the determination of evaporative resistance of clothing ensemble, there exist three types of manikin methods: pre-wetted underwear or “skin” covered on dry manikins, the manikin with regulated constant water supply to the “skin” surface and the sweating fabric manikin based on a w

Effects of ambient and elevated temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on CO2 assimilation rate and the structural and phenological development of shoots during their first growing season were studied in 45-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) enclosed in whole-tree chambers. Continuous measurements of net assimilation rate (NAR) in individual buds and s

Synthetic hormones are a group of pharmaceuticals used for various human and animal treatments. However, consumption and disposal of these substances have also given rise to negative effects and environmental problems for organisms in the wild which is why these substances have been classified as estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Studies on the estrogen receptors (ers) and their ge

The definition of Validation and Verification (V&V) tests for analysing evacuation model capabilities is the object of a large debate among researchers given the lack of an international standard. Four main types of tests have been reported in the literature, 1) component testing, 2) functional verification, 3) qualitative verification and 4) quantitative validation. An important issue relates

In 1994, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was adopted as part of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO). Pursuant to the TRIPS Agreement copyright protection of computer programs for the first time had received explicit recognition on the international level. Despite obligating all WTO Members to protect computer programs as lite

Abstract What are the pedagogical impacts of internationalisation on the development of higher education in Europe? How can we proceed in this process and take a pedagogical stance on the issue? This theoretical paper is partly based on a series of empirical studies conducted by the author, investigating students’ and teachers’ experiences and understanding of an internationalised educational cont

Since year 2000 a number of national energy management systems (EnMS) standards and specifications have been developed. To support EnMS implementation in industry some governments have launched agreements centered around energy management practices. National experiences show that such policy programs can achieve significant energy efficiency improvements. Implementation of industrial EnMSs has gra

This paper deals with new forms of political mobilisation and participation in social media. The main focus is on the importance of social networks in providing a “media filter”, functioning as a kind of collective gatekeeper to spread news and information perceived as important, in contrast to the image of the single individual media consumer faced with an insurmountable mass of information. I ar

When designing innovations for the silver age, it is not sufficient to discover old people’s needs only. In addition, one also has to discover old peoples’ new roles as consumers, citizens and innovators. Since this is a group that until recently has been given few opportunities to make their voices heard, there is a need for methods that identify their needs and demands. More importantly, we need

The paper describes measurements performed in three district heating (DH) substations in semidetached houses. In all these houses more than 40 % of the domestic hot water (DHW) tappings turned out to be shorter than 10 s. The fraction of total energy used to heat this water varied between 2.4 % and 10.2 %, indicating a large influence of households' daily habits. For 60-78 % of tappings, the total

The aim of this report is to identify the role of academics as entrepreneurs. Education and a highly educated staff is a growth factor in companies and in this report we will highlight the characteristics of companies established by academics and which factors are crucial for these companies to grow. A special focus has been whether academics organise their companies in a particular way – a way th