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Following a brief review of the development of medical ultrasonics from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s, the collaboration between Edler and Hertz that began in Lund in 1953 is described. Using an industrial ultrasonic flaw detector, they obtained time-varying echoes transcutaneously from within the heart. The first clinical applications of M-mode echocardiography were concerned with the assessment
Den internationella havsrättsdomstolen (ITLOS), inrättad under FN:s havs-rättskonvention (UNCLOS), utgör en avgörande tvistlösningsmekanism vid lösandet av havsrättsliga tvister. I takt med att världens hav blir viktigare för handel, resurser och miljömässig stabilitet, erbjuder ITLOS en specialiserad rättslig ram för att lösa tvister. Uppsatsen undersöker hur effektivt ITLOS kan verkställa sina The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), plays a vital role in resolving disputes about maritime law. As the world’s oceans become more important for trade, resources and environmental stability, ITLOS provides a specialized legal framework to address conflicts. This thesis examines how effective ITLO
As information technology develops in the past decade, the digital society has affected every aspect of the social structure. The legal system faces the challenge in implementing the legal norms, yet the evolved architecture of technology in the digital society makes it difficult for the law to perform its function. One of the fields of challenge is legal protection of personal data. Legislat
Determining the appropriate duration for traffic conflict observation remains a critical yet unresolved challenge in road safety analysis. Existing approaches lack a quantitative approach to determine adequate sample sizes for general conflict-based applications. This study addresses this gap by proposing an extreme value theory based framework to determine appropriate observation durations, based
Accurate monitoring of glaciers’ extents and their dynamics is essential for improving our understanding of the impacts of climate and environmental changes in cold regions. The satellite-based Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) has been widely used for mapping snow cover and glaciers around the globe. However, mapping glaciers in snow-covered areas using existing indices remains a challengin
Enzymes are often considered a green approach next to conventional fossil-based chemicals helping us on the margin towards a low-impact society. While enzyme catalysed reactions are low environmental impact technologies, their production is not. In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment of different recombinant enzyme manufacturing strategies quantifies and evaluates the contribution of d
Background & Aims Predniso(lo)ne, alone or in combination with azathioprine, is the standard-of-care (SOC) therapy for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the SOC therapy is poorly tolerated or does not control disease activity in up to 20% of patients. We assessed the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus as second-line therapy for patients with AIH. Methods We performed a r
The global carbon cycle experienced a major perturbation during the Permian-Triassic transition, reflected inter alia in a large increase in the vertical (shallow-to-deep) gradient of carbonate δ13C (δ13Ccarb) in Early Triassic seas. However, the effect of this perturbation on the vertical gradient of organic matter δ13C in seawater (δ13Corg) is less known to date. Here, we examine geographic and
Late Permian mass extinction (LPME) research has focused primarily on Tethyan sections because it is believed that these successions are more complete than those from other localities, and provide a more comprehensive record of the largest, most devastating extinction event in Earth history. The Kisejin section, a previously undocumented mid-Tethyan, Upper Permian-Lower Triassic succession located
This research and policy brief focuses on conflict and displacement as key factorscontributing to statelessness and barriers to acquiring and holding Myanmar citizenship. The brief is designed as a working document for discussing important issues relevant for local governance during the revolution and national and state-level governance in the future. To aid in these conversations and policy devel
Problem Definition: Ericsson wants to increase their focus on reducing the total cost of packaging for the company in the whole world. They want to create a simple calculation model that can calculate the total packaging cost and compare different packaging solutions (country, freight, packaging, and product) in order to find the most cost effective packaging solution. This will facilitate the dev
The carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity, determined by pulse transit time (PTT) and distance, is a well-established measure of arterial stiffness and predicts adverse outcomes. However, its predictive value decreases with aging. To explore new risk indicator in the elderly, we investigated if the variation of carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity, registered as beat-to-beat variability of caro
