Search results

Natural sounds, and bird song in particular, play a key role in building and maintaining our connection with nature, but widespread declines in bird populations mean that the acoustic properties of natural soundscapes may be changing. Using data-driven reconstructions of soundscapes in lieu of historical recordings, here we quantify changes in soundscape characteristics at more than 200,000 sites

Neural asymmetries of the bilateral parts of the nervous system are found throughout the animal kingdom. The relative low complexity and experimental accessibility of the insect nervous system makes it well suited for studying the functions of neural asymmetries and their underlying mechanisms. Recent findings in insects reveal hardwired asymmetries in their peripheral and central nervous systems,

Ruptures to tendons are common and costly, and no clinical consensus exists on the appropriate treatment and rehabilitation regimen to promote their healing as well as full recovery of functionality. Although mechanobiology is known to play an important role in tendon regeneration, the understanding of how mechano-regulated processes affect tendon healing needs further clarification. Many small-an

Uncertainty refers to any limitation in knowledge. Identifying and characterizing uncertainty in conclusions is important to ensure transparency and avoid over or under confidence in scientific assessments. Quantitative expressions of uncertainty are less ambiguous compared to uncertainty expressed qualitatively, or not at all. Subjective probability is an example of a quantitative expression of e

Mechanobiology plays an important role in tendon healing. However, the relationship between mechanical loading and spatial and temporal evolution of tendon properties during healing is not well understood. This study builds on a recently presented mechanoregulatory computational framework that couples mechanobiological tendon healing to tissue production and collagen orientation. In this study, we

The 1.87–1.84 Ga Black Hills dike swarm of the Kalahari craton (South Africa) is coeval with several regional magmatic provinces used here to resolve the craton’s position during Columbia assembly. We report a new 1850 ± 4 Ma (U-Pb isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry [ID-TIMS] on baddeleyite) crystallization age for one dike and new paleomagnetic data for 34 dikes of which 8 have

BackgroundConvalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all

In Europe, willow (Salix spp.) trees have been used commercially since the 1980s at a large scale to produce renewable energy. While reducing fossil fuel needs, growing short rotation coppices (SRCs), such as poplar or willow, may have a high impact on local air quality as these species are known to produce high amounts of isoprene, which can lead to the production of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here

The use of low-cost immersive virtual reality systems is rapidly expanding. Several studies started to analyse the accuracy of virtual reality tracking systems, but they did not consider in depth the effects of external interferences in the working area. In line with that, this study aimed at exploring the static-positional accuracy and the robustness to occlusions inside the capture volume of the

Dynamic computer tomography (CT) is an emerging modality to analyze in-vivo joint kinematics at the bone level, but it requires manual bone segmentation and, in some instances, landmark identification. The objective of this study is to present an automated workflow for the assessment of three-dimensional in vivo joint kinematics from dynamic musculoskeletal CT images. The proposed method relies on

BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) resistant to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and sunitinib may be treated with regorafenib, which resulted in a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 4.8 months in the GRID trial. Also, pazopanib, another tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (PAZOGIST) in the thi

The dense accumulation of α-Synuclein fibrils in neurons is considered to be strongly associated with Parkinson’s disease. These intracellular inclusions, called Lewy bodies, also contain significant amounts of lipids. To better understand such accumulations, it should be important to study α-Synuclein fibril formation under conditions where the fibrils lump together, mimicking what is observed in

Background: The relationship between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unclear. We sought to examine whether plasma GDF-15 was related to incident CKD and kidney function decline using a large prospective cohort study. Methods: 4318 participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort were examined in 1991-1994.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health threat in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Phylogenetic analysis of HBV can be helpful to study the putative transmission links and patterns of inter-country spread of the virus. The objectives of the current study were to analyze the HBV genotype/sub-genotype (SGT) distribution, reverse transcriptase (RT), and surface (S) gen

The high energy consumption of electronic data processors, together with physical challenges limiting their further improvement, has triggered intensive interest in alternative computation paradigms. Here we focus on network-based biocomputation (NBC), a massively parallel approach where computational problems are encoded in planar networks implemented with nanoscale channels. These networks are e

Background: Increased pulmonary blood volume (PBV) is a measure of congestion and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. PBV can be quantified using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging as the product of cardiac output and pulmonary transit time (PTT), the latter measured from the contrast time-intensity curves in the right and left side of the heart from first-p

BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis is associated with higher mortality in elderly patients, but the role of surgery in this group has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of left-sided infective endocarditis in elderly patients and to determine the influence of surgery on mortality in the elderly. METHODS AND RESULTS: A nationwide retrospective study was performed

Tau neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is closely linked to neurodegeneration, and is the early pathological change associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To elucidate patterns of structural change in the MTL specifically associated with tau pathology, we compared high-resolution ex vivo MRI scans of human postmortem MTL specimens with histology-based patho

A well-known property of sexual selection combined with a cross-sex genetic correlation (rmf) is that it can facilitate a peak shift on the adaptive landscape. How do these diversifying effects of sexual selection + rmf balance with the constraints imposed by such sexual antagonism, to affect the macroevolution of sexual dimorphism? Here, I extend existing quantitative genetic models of evolution

Recent clinical trials of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for various inflammatory conditions have highlighted the significant benefit to patients who respond to MSC administration. Thus, there is strong interest in investigating MSC therapy in acute inflammatory lung conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unfortunately, not all patients respond, and evidence now su