Power dynamic in smallholders’ participation in sustainable certification: A case study of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil certification
This study analyses the power dynamic in the government-led sustainable certification, the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO), and how it affects equitable participation, especially the smallholders who are the bottom actors in the industry. A case study was carried out in Jambi province, as one of the largest palm oil producers in the country. This study examines various actors related to the