This entry provides a presentation of different leader-follower perspectives. Traditional leadership research has a psychological orientation and focuses on leaders as persons. Leaders are conceptualized as active communicators and subordinates/followers as more or less passive recipients, which implies a monologic, transmission-oriented view of communication. In recent years, there has been a tur

Introduction: The aim was to create readily available algorithms that estimate the individual risk of β-amyloid (Aβ) positivity. Methods: The algorithms were tested in BioFINDER (n = 391, subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment) and validated in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 661, subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment). The examined predictor

Precipitation variability over the Bolivian Altiplano is strongly affected by local climate and temporal variation of large-scale atmospheric flow. Precipitation is the main water source for drinking water and agricultural production. For this reason, a better understanding of precipitation variability and its relation with climate phenomena can provide important information for forecasting of dro

This paper presents a design teaching approach that aims to support students to shift their approach when exploring, prototyping and testing user interactions with physical products. This is conducted in a bottom-up, iterative manner to change the perspective from focusing on the opportunities of user-involvement during the form-giving process, rather than prematurely stressing the design outcome.

Creativity is a wildly debated topic among scholars and practitioners, but one that lacks consensus. Many have tried to define, describe and explain creativity, its purpose, effect and use. Is creativity a personality trait you are born with, or can you learn to become creative? As a design teacher with a teaching practice focused on the skills of creativity, this is a relevant question, because i

Purpose: Using service-based logic as its theoretical lens, this study aims to approach residents’ place satisfaction in a novel way. The purpose is to explore residents’ perception of the place in which they live and to shed new light on their place satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on explorative qualitative focus group research. Data were collected in two typical mun

Code-based cryptography is one of the main techniques enabling cryptographic primitives in a post-quantum scenario. In particular, the MDPC scheme is a basic scheme from which many other schemes have been derived. These schemes rely on iterative decoding in the decryption process and thus have a certain small probability p of having a decryption (decoding) error.In this paper we show a very fundam

Iron’s abundance and rich coordination chemistry are potentially appealing features for photochemical applications. However, the photoexcitable charge-transfer (CT) states of most Fe complexes are limited by picosecond or sub-picosecond deactivation through low-lying metal centered (MC) states, resulting in inefficient electron transfer reactivity and complete lack of photoluminescence. Here we sh

In the present essay we attempt to reconstruct Newtonian mechanics under the guidance of logical principles and of a constructive approach related to the genetic epistemology of Piaget and García (Psychogenesis and the history of science, Columbia University Press, New York, 1989). Instead of addressing Newton’s equations as a set of axioms, ultimately given by the revelation of a prodigious mind,

Rock cutting and crushing stands for a considerable part of the world use of Cemented Carbide (CC). CC is preferred due to its hardness while maintaining high fracture toughness. However, new cutting tool materials are developed allowing increased efficiency whilst minimizing the use of critical raw material such as tungsten and cobalt. One material showing promising capabilities is Polycrystallin

Purpose: The study aims to focus on rotation effects on a ribbed channel of gas turbine blades for internal cooling. The combination and interaction between secondary flows generated by angled rib geometry and Coriolis forces in the rotating channel are studied numerically. Design/methodology/approach: A radially outward flow passage as an internal cooling test model with and without ribs is used

My article studies the place of Kirmen Uribe, one of the most read and celebrated Basque-language writers today, in relation to Basque, Spanish and world literature, and what his novels have to say about belonging, in the Basque Country and beyond. My starting point is the first sentence of the Wikipedia pages (2017) on Kirmen Uribe in five different languages, which all relate to Uribe’s belongin

Haemophilus influenzae är en bakterie som lever i människans luftvägar. Ofta orsakar bakterien ingen skada hos personen som bär den, men ibland orsakar H. influenzae luftvägsinfektioner såsom öroninflammation hos barn, akut försämring hos patienter med kroniskt obstruktiv luftvägssjukdom (KOL) samt lunginflammation. Bakterien kan också orsaka allvarliga infektioner såsom blodförgiftning och hjärnhHaemophilus influenzae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections such as acute otitis media (AOM), exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia. The species is subdivided into encapsulated and non-encapsulated strains, designated type a-f and nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi), respectively. Prior to introduction of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines aga

Climate change will alter precipitation patterns with consequences for soil C cycling. An understanding of how fluctuating soil moisture affects microbial processes is therefore critical to predict responses to future global change. We investigated how long-term experimental field drought influences microbial tolerance to lower moisture levels (“resistance”) and ability to recover when rewetted af

Morphological and optical properties of tentacular epidermis and cornea of the eyes of some species of terrestrial gastropod pulmonate molluscs were studied and their evolutionary transformations were estimated. It was demonstrated that all examined properties of tentacular epidermis and cornea of these species are typical for terrestrial pulmonates. In the course of evolution tentacular epidermis

A new black yeast species, Exophiala macquariensis is described that is a member of the ascomycete family Herpotrichiellaceae, order Chaetothyriales. The genus Exophiala is comprised of opportunistic pathogens isolated from clinical specimens as well as species recovered from hydrocarbon contaminated environments. Several species have been reported to be able to degrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenz