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This chapter presents the theory of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE). The theory explains asymmetric transfers of non-monetary, biophysical resources and environmental harms between different countries or regions. The chapter provides a cursory review of the literature on methods for empirically identifying such asymmetries and testing hypotheses derived from the theory. To identify EUE require

In the present work Optimal Power Flow (OPF) with minimum net work losses for Iraqi National Super Grid (400kv) INSG which consist of 19 load buses and 6 generating buses was studied. The losses were calculated and compared with that in case of ordinary load flow which is equal to 37592 MW according to data of generation and load on 2/1/2003.Mathematical model using Lagrange method programmed in M

Research and development of novel molecular compounds in the pharmaceutical industry can be highly costly. Lack of confidentiality can prevent a product from being patented or commercialized. As an effect, cross-organizational collaboration is virtually non-existent. In this paper, we introduce a blockchain-based solution to the collaborative drug discovery problem so that participants can maintai

The central role of the certificate authority (CA) in traditional public key infrastructure (PKI) makes it fragile and prone to compromises and operational failures. Maintaining CAs and revocation lists is demanding especially in loosely-connected and large systems. Log-based PKIs have been proposed as a remedy but they do not solve the problem effectively. We provide a general model and a solutio

This paper examines factors shaping the reconfiguration capacity of regional innovation systems (RISs). ‘System selectivity’ is introduced as a concept to understand how factors such as regional imaginaries, power relations and directionality shape how RIS reconfiguration plays out. A comparative case study illustrates the conceptual arguments, investigating industrial change in two Swedish region

Spatiotemporal variation in natural selection is expected, but difficult to estimate. Pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits provides a good system for understanding and linking variation in selection to differences in ecological context. We studied pollinator-mediated selection in five populations of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica and Mexico. Using a nonlinear path-ana

B cells are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (ANCA-) associated vasculitis (AAV). ANCAs have been proposed to cause vasculitis by activating primed neutrophils to damage small blood vessels. We studied a cohort of AAV patients of which a majority were in remission and diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Using flow cytomet

BACKGROUND: The reported associations for several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) with thyroid hormones are inconsistent in epidemiological studies. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the possible association of thyroid hormones in relation to serum levels of perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid, in a Swedish general population,

The research on forgeries, fakes, copies, replicas, facsimiles, substitutions, appropriations and imitations in pre-modern times is now a growing field of research in art history, and as shown the difference between these concepts is anything but clear (Heisterberg, Müller-Bechtel & Putzger eds. 2018; Cupperi ed. 2014; Wood 2008). The aim of this paper is to look at the artistic production of

In his “Dialogue about the Art of Portraiture” (1906), Viennese Art Historian Julius von Schlosser made the following critical observation of the behaviour of visitors in art museums:They [the public] are not interested in the portrait as an expression or disclosure of an artistic personality, but rather the actual human being, one can say, looming behind it, who is known to them in a very particu

The emergence of the national portrait gallery as a museum phenomenon during the nineteenth century reflects a broader interest in portraiture at the time. The first of its kind was the National Portrait Gallery in London. Pivotal to the foundation of the gallery in 1856 was historian Thomas Carlyle’s declaration that a portrait had put him in contact with the past. In 1913, a German National Port