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Several factors indicate that autoimmune mechanisms may play a part in the aetiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. At the onset of the disease in 10 children (aged 11-16 years) plasmapheresis was performed four times over one to two weeks. Seventeen age-matched children with the same clinical features served as controls. The C-peptide concentrations at onset were the same in the two grou
Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by manifestations of autoimmunity and is frequently associated with certain HLA haplotypes, predominantly DR3 and DR4. Because the major histocompatibility antigens are important determinants of the immune response in various tissues, we have investigated their expression on the pancreatic islet cells. Human, mouse, or rat islets of Langer
Iodination of several insulin and proinsulin preparations, human growth hormone and bovine pancreatic polypeptide was performed using H2O2 and lactoperoxidase or chloramine T. The iodination mixtures were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.15 in long gel rods followed by simple elution of the iodinated products from thin gel slices. With this method 125I tracers with long s
Suspensions of pancreatic islet cells from noninbred ob/ob-mice were incubated with Trypan Blue. Microscope photometry showed that apparently viable cells excluded the dye completely, whereas the nuclei of nonviable cells accumulated Trypan Blue by a saturable process. The nucleus-to-medium dye gradient was more then 30∶1 in media containing 0.1% or less Trypan Blue. The apparent affinity constant
Insulin release in response to dextran-linked p-chloromercuribenzoic acid was studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob-mice. No contamination of the dextran-linked mercurial with free chloromercuribenzoic acid was detected before or after the incubation with islets. In comparison with free mercurial, of the same thiol-blocking activity, the dextran-linked compound had a weak
The thiol activity of pancreatic islets was spectrophotometrically assayed as the formation of 6-mercaptonicotinic acid from the organic disulfide, 6, 6’-dithiodinicotinic acid. Islets containing more than 90% β-cells were microdissected from non-inbred oblob-mice. Comparisons of intact with homogenized islets indicated that the organic disulfide penetrates relatively slowly into the β-cells. When
The effect of insulin secretagogues on the incorporation of [32P]ortho-phosphate into phospholipids was studied in microdissected islets from obese-hyperglycemic mice. Increased 32P-labelling was observed after incubation for 60 min with 10 mM l-leucine, 10 mM l-arginine or 20 mM d-glucose. Most of the label occurred in the phosphatidyl inositol fraction. The effect of l-leucine was additive to th
The insulin-releasing activities of cyclic and non-cyclic nucleotides were studied with isolated pancreatic islets from obese-hyperglycemic mice. Substitution of cylidine, inosine, guanosine, or uridine for the adenosine moeity of cyclic 3ʹ,5ʹ-adenosine monophosphate was associated with a total loss of insulin-releasing ability. The 5ʹ-nucleotide triphosphate derivatives of these nucleotides were
The insulin-releasing ability of some neutral and di-basic amino acids was studied in an in vitro system using micro-dissected pancreatic islets with a high proportion of insulin-producing β-cells. The neutral amino acids l-alanine and α-aminoisobutyric acid had no substantial effects on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release. In contrast, 5–20 mm of the dibasic amino acid l-arginine gradual
The ability of leucine to stimulate insulin release was studied in an in vitro system, using microdissected pancreatic islets with a high proportion of the insulin-producing β-cells. When tested in a glucose-free medium, l-leucine stimulated insulin release over a wide concentration range with maximum effect at about 20 mm. The stimulation of insulin release was additive to that elicited by 10 mm
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a cardinal sign of cardiovascular (CV) autonomic dysfunction as a result of autonomic nervous system failure to control the postural hemodynamic homeostasis. The proportion of individuals with OH increases with aging and chronic conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, renal dysfunction, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
Introduction: The objective was to create a clinically useful prediction model for vaginal birth in trial of labor after one cesarean section, appropriate for a third trimester consultation. Material and methods: Women with one cesarean section and at least one following delivery (N = 38 686) in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, 1998-2013, were studied. The women were randomly divided into one d
Geosmin is one of the most recognizable and common microbial smells on the planet. Some insects, like mosquitoes, require microbial-rich environments for their progeny, whereas for other insects such microbes may prove dangerous. In the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, geosmin is decoded in a remarkably precise fashion and induces aversion, presumably signaling the presence of harmful microbes
OBJECTIVE: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken to determine the effect of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on closed incisions after inguinal vascular surgery regarding surgical site infections (SSIs) and other wound complications. BACKGROUND: SSIs are a major concern in open vascular procedures involving the inguinal region. Prophylactic NPWT on closed incisions has shown pro
OBJECTIVES: To assess whether sevoflurane provides better haemodynamic stability than propofol in acute right ventricular (RV) ischaemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Open-chest pigs (mean ± standard deviation, 68.8 ± 4.2 kg) anaesthetized with sevoflurane (n = 6) or propofol (n = 6) underwent 60 min of RV free wall ischaemia and 150 min of reperfusion. Haemodynamic parameters and blood flow in the 3 majo
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into many different cell types of the central nervous system. One challenge when using pluripotent stem cells is to develop robust and efficient differentiation protocols that result in homogenous cultures of the desired cell type. Here, we have utilized the SMAD-inhibitors SB431542 and Noggin in a
Background: Neonatal caffeine treatment might affect brain development. Long-term studies show conflicting results on brain-related outcomes. Herein we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of neonatal caffeine administration in a rabbit model of preterm birth. Methods: Preterm (born day 29) and term (day 32) pups were raised by wet nurses and allocated to treatment with saline or caffeine fo
Hybrid-processes combining pervaporation with a conventional separation process to recover organic compounds from waste water has been critically reviewed. Previous research which focused primarily on hydrophobic pervaporation combined with either adsorption, liquid-liquid phase separation, or reverse osmosis showed that these processes offered significant advantages over the exclusive use of just
