The discovery and development of vaccines remain one of the major successes of global health with millions of lives saved every year through routine vaccination. Although vaccines provide a safe and cost-effective solution to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), VPDs are still a serious public health problem in most parts of the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Asia. In this revie

Background Triptolide is an active natural product, which inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, suppresses tumor metastasis and improves the effect of other therapeutic treatments in several cancer cell lines by affecting multiple molecules and signaling pathways, such as caspases, heat-shock proteins, DNA damage and NF-ĸB. Purpose We investigated the effect of triptolide towards NF

The prevalence of chronic fundus diseases is increasing with the aging of the general population. The treatment of these intraocular diseases relies on invasive drug delivery because of the globular structure and multiple barriers of the eye. Frequent intraocular injections bring heavy burdens to the medical care system and patients. The use of topical drugs to treat retinal diseases has always be

Background: Gun violence is a global health problem. Population-based research on firearm-related injuries has been relatively limited considering the burden of disease. The aim of this study was to analyze nationwide epidemiological trends of firearm injuries. Methods: This is a retrospective nationwide epidemiological study including all patients with firearm injuries from the Swedish Trauma Reg

The chapter addresses planning and designing by asking a threefold question: 1) How does talk about plans and designs mobilize specific understandings of the organization, its environment, future and purpose? 2) How do plans and designs have agency in organizations? 3) How do management concepts affect planning and designing? The chapter draws on various illustrative examples – from Babylonian met

Dig a teaspoon into your nearest clump of soil, and what you’ll emerge with will contain more microorganisms than there are people on Earth. We know this from lab studies that analyse samples of earth scooped from the microbial wild to determine which forms of microscopic life exist in the world beneath our feet.

On March 26, 2020, the leaders of the Group of 20 major economies (G20) convened in an emergency virtual meeting to discuss the extraordinary situation facing the world. Virtual summitry provided a stark visual contrast to the traditional staging of modern multilateral diplomacy―leaders were suddenly responsible for their own staging, leaving them with new opportunities to create a favourable impr

Resistance to therapy remains a major cause of cancer treatment failures, resulting in many cancer-related deaths. Resistance can occur at any time during the treatment, even at the beginning. The current treatment plan is dependent mainly on cancer subtypes and the presence of genetic mutations. Evidently, the presence of a genetic mutation does not always predict the therapeutic response and can

Karst is a widespread ecosystem with properties that affect the microbial activity and storage and cycling of soil organic carbon. The mechanisms underlying microbial resource availability in karst, which limit the microbial growth and activity in soil aggregates, remain largely unknown. We assessed the microbial resource limitations using exoenzymatic stoichiometry and key extracellular enzyme ac

Background: Prospectively and systematically collected real-world data on vedolizumab are scarce. We aimed to assess the long-term clinical effectiveness of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: This study was a prospective, observational, multicentre study. Overall, 286 patients with active IBD were included (Crohn’s disease, n = 169; ulcerative colitis, n = 117). The primary

INTRODUCTION Continuity models of midwifery care are significant factors in facilitating a positive childbirth experience for birthing women. A knowledge gap exists regarding partners' experiences of continuity of midwifery care during pregnancy, birth, and after birth, although it is essential to understand the experiences of both parents in relation to continuity of care. Thus, the aim of this s

INTRODUCTION Continuity models are rare in Sweden. The aim was to compare the intrapartum care experiences between women who had or not a known midwife attending their birth. METHODS A cohort study was conducted in a rural area with long distance to a labor ward in Sweden. From August 2017 to June 2019, a continuity model with a known midwife was offered between 7 a.m. and 11 p.m. daily. Questions

INTRODUCTION The closure of a local labor ward enhanced the possibility to initiate a continuity of midwifery care model project. Continuity models of midwifery care are a cornerstone in midwifery and women-centered care, mainly accessible in metropolitan areas. Australian studies have found continuity of midwifery care to work well in rural areas. The aim of this study is to describe midwives’ ex

Exposure to phthalates is widespread and especially early life stages represent a critical window of exposure. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on birth outcomes and weight development in early life. In 130 mother–child pairs, we estimated the association of concentrations of 13 phthalates in spot-urine samples collected during pregnancy and birth

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected care workers all over the globe, as older and more vulnerable people face a high risk of developing severe symptoms and dying from the virus infection. The aim of this study was to compare staff experiences of stress and anxiety as well as internal and external organizational support in Sweden, Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom (UK) in order to determine how

One of the most important decisions coalition partners make when forming a government is the division of ministries. Ministerial portfolios provide the party in charge with considerable informational and agenda-setting advantages, which parties can use to shape policies according to their preferences. Oversight mechanisms in parliaments play a central role in mitigating ministerial policy discreti