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The study of direct electron transfer between enzymes and electrodes is frequently hampered by the small fraction of adsorbed proteins that remains electrochemically active. Here, we outline a strategy to overcome this limitation, which is based on a hierarchical analysis of steady-state electrocatalytic currents and the adoption of the "binary activity" hypothesis. The procedure is illustrated by
I huvudsak har putsade fasader undersökts. Tre nybyggda hus i Stockholmsområdet, ett ca. 20 år gammalt provhus i Dalby samt ett objekt i Ärvinge har undersökts med avseende på missfärgningar förorsakade av bland annat mögelsvamp men även av lavor, mossor och alger. Denna inledande undersökning behandlar, i alla väsentliga delar, vad för sorts påväxt som bidrar till missfärgningar av fasader. I skr
This study investigates the syntax, semantics and information structure of it-cleft constructions in German and Swedish. The syntactic analysis is presented within a standard framework of generative theory. In defining genuine cleft constructions, both the syntactic and the semantic structures of clefts are taken into consideration. Here, it proves essential to distinguish between different kinds
OBJECTIVES: The referrals of elderly for cardiac surgery are increasing. The aim of this retrospective study is to review the long-term survival and to identify causes of late death in elderly after cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Between 1990 and 1993, 130 octogenarians underwent cardiac surgery in our department. A majority (88%) had elective surgery. One hundred and nine patients (84%) were in New Yor
BACKGROUND: Extracellular nucleotides play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and may be involved in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoidal haemorrhage. This study was designed to characterise the contractile P2 receptors in endothelium-denuded human cerebral and omental arteries. The isometric tension of isolated vessel segments was recorded in vitro. P2 receptor mRNA expressio
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Objective: Pain measurement is a necessity in pain treatment but can be difficult in young children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Behavioural Observational Pain Scale (BOPS) as a postoperative pain measurement scale for children aged 1-7 yrs. The scale assesses three elements of pain behaviors: facial expression, verbalization, and body position. Design
A chemiluminescent (CL) based micro-immuno supported liquid membrane assay (mu-ISLMA) has been developed that enables clean up, enrichment and detection of simazine in a single miniaturised cartridge system. The mu-ISLM cartridge contains a supported liquid membrane (SLM) sandwiched between a donor and an acceptor plate (channel volumes 1.65 mu L), the latter being covered by a thin layer of gold
Aim To describe the relative impact on survival of the delay from estimated time of collapse to call for an ambulance among patients who suffer from a bystander witnessed out of hospital cardiac arrest of a cardiac aetiology. Methods A majority of all ambulance organizations in Sweden (covering 85% of Sweden inhabitants) participate in a National survey of out of hospital cardiac arrest. Results I
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy has recently been shown to be caused by a point mutation in the cystatin C gene. To determine the chromosomal localization of the gene, 20 human-rodent somatic cell hybrids and a fulllength cystatin C cDNA probe were used. Southern blot analysis of BamHI digested cell hybrid DNA revealed that the probe recognizes a 10.6 kb human specific fragment and that t
An evacuation experiment was performed in the Göta tunnel on November 22, 2006 in Göteborg, Sweden. In total twenty-nine participants who were not informed about the experimental conditions evacuated as they were forced to stop in the tunnel due to a simulated car accident where a fire had started. After two and a half minute after the first car stopped an evacuation alarm started but at that time
Two new antimicrobial metabolites, zopfiellamides A (1) and B (2) were isolated from fermentations of the facultative marine fungus Zopfiella latipes CBS 611.97. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, and they are pyrrolidinone derivatives. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The fine-structure splittings of the inverted 5 and 62D states of potassium were measured by observing level-crossing signals at high magnetic fields. TheD levels were populated using step-wise excitations, employing two CW tunable dye lasers. For the fine-structure intervals dW we find: dW (5d)= -15,102.0 (5) MHz anddW(6d) = -7,965.8 (6) MHz. These values are about 100 times more accurate than pr
We demonstrate here a method for controlled production of complex self-assembled three-dimensional networks of InAs nanowires on a substrate, based on sequentially seeded epitaxial nanowire structures, or "nanotrees". A position-controlled array of trunk nanowires is first produced using lithographically defined Au particles as seeds. With these wires positioned along the proper crystallographic d
