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Characterization of airborne dust emissions from three types of crushed multi-walled carbon nanotube-enhanced concretes

Dispersing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) into concrete at low (<1 wt% in cement) concentrations may improve concrete performance and properties and provide enhanced functionalities. When MWCNT-enhanced concrete is fragmented during remodelling or demolition, the stiff, fibrous and carcinogenic MWCNTs will, however, also be part of the respirable particulate matter released in the process.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts rewire the estrogen receptor response in luminal breast cancer, enabling estrogen independence

Advanced breast cancers represent a major therapeutic challenge due to their refractoriness to treatment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant constituents of the tumor microenvironment and have been linked to most hallmarks of cancer. However, the influence of CAFs on therapeutic outcome remains largely unchartered. Here, we reveal that spatial coincidence of abundant CAF in

Exposure to Paracetamol in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Cerebral Palsy : A Case-Control Study Using Serum Samples

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether maternal paracetamol use in early pregnancy is associated with cerebral palsy (CP) in offspring.STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a registry and biobank-based case-control study with mother-child pairs. We identified CP cases (n=322) born between 1995-2014 from a nationwide CP-registry. Randomly selected controls (n=343) and extra preterm controls (n=258) were obtained f

Cognitive functioning in adolescents with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery or intensive non-surgical treatment in Sweden (AMOS2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial

Severe obesity during childhood is associated with cognitive deficits. Studies in adults have suggested improvements in executive functioning and memory after bariatric surgery. Our aim was to explore changes in cognitive function in adolescents over two years after bariatric surgery or intensive non-surgical treatment. Methods: The Adolescent Morbid Obesity Surgery 2 (AMOS2) is a multicentre, ope

Plurisubharmonic functions with discontinuous boundary behavior

We study the Dirichlet problem for the complex Monge–Amp`ereoperator with bounded, discontinuous boundary data. If the set of discontinuities is b-pluripolar and the domain is B-regular, we are able to prove existence, uniqueness and some regularity estimates for a large class of complexMonge–Amp`ere measures. This result is optimal in the unit disk, as boundaryfunctions with b-pluripolar disconti

Cyclic Structure Induced by Load Fluctuations in Adaptive Transportation Networks

Transport networks are crucial to the functioning of natural systems and technological infrastructures. For flow networks in many scenarios, such as rivers or blood vessels, acyclic networks (i.e., trees) are optimal structures when assuming time-independent in- and outflow. Dropping this assumption, fluctuations of net flow at source and/or sink nodes may render the pure tree solutions unstable e

Ultra-high field imaging of the human medial temporal lobe

Ultra-high field (UHF) imaging provides substantial benefits for the structural and functional investigation of the human medial temporal lobe. The medial temporal lobe is a complex system of many subregions that is critically involved in many cognitive functions and vulnerable to neurodegenerative processes. Here, we first lay out the benefits of UHF imaging for visualizing anatomical features wi

Automated Hippocampal Subfield Segmentation at 7T MRI

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High resolution 7T MRI is increasingly used to investigate hippocampal subfields in vivo, but most studies rely on manual segmentation which is labor intensive. We aimed to evaluate an automated technique to segment hippocampal subfields and the entorhinal cortex at 7T MRI.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cornu ammonis (CA)1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus, subiculum, and entorhinal cor

Amidst an amygdala renaissance in Alzheimer's disease

The amygdala was highlighted as an early site for neurofibrillary tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer's disease in the seminal Braak & Braak article (1991). This knowledge has, however, only received traction recently with advances in imaging and image analysis techniques. Here, we provide a cross-disciplinary overview of pathology and neuroimaging studies on the amygdala. These studies provide

Neural and behavioral correlates of episodic memory are associated with temporal discounting in older adults

When facing decisions involving trade-offs between smaller, sooner and larger, delayed rewards, people tend to discount the value of future rewards. There are substantial individual differences in this tendency toward temporal discounting, however. One neurocognitive system that may underlie these individual differences is episodic memory, given the overlap in the neural circuitry involved in imag

In vivo measures of tau burden are associated with atrophy in early Braak stage medial temporal lobe regions in amyloid-negative individuals

INTRODUCTION: It is unclear the degree to which tau pathology in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) measured by 18F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography relates to MTL subregional atrophy and whether this relationship differs between amyloid-β-positive and amyloid-β-negative individuals.METHODS: We analyzed correlation of MTL 18F-flortaucipir uptake with MTL subregional atrophy measured with high

Automated segmentation of medial temporal lobe subregions on in vivo T1-weighted MRI in early stages of Alzheimer's disease

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) substructures are the earliest regions affected by neurofibrillary tangle pathology-and thus are promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, automatic segmentation of the MTL using only T1-weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging due to the large anatomical variability of the MTL cortex and the confound of the dura mater, which is co

Structural and functional asymmetry of medial temporal subregions in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy : A 7T MRI study

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder affecting the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL). Although prior studies have analyzed whole-brain network distortions in TLE patients, the functional network architecture of the MTL at the subregion level has not been examined. In this study, we utilized high-resolution 7T T2-weighted magnetic resonance imag

Associative memory for conceptually unitized word pairs in mild cognitive impairment is related to the volume of the perirhinal cortex

Unitization, that is, the encoding of an association as one integrated entity, has been shown to improve associative memory in populations presenting with associative memory deficit due to hippocampal dysfunction, such as amnesic patients with focal hippocampal lesions and healthy older adults. One reason for this benefit is that encoding of unitized associations would rely on the perirhinal corte

Hippocampal sulcal cavities : prevalence, risk factors and association with cognitive performance. The SMART-Medea study and PREDICT-MR study

Hippocampal sulcal cavities (HSCs) are frequently observed on MRI, but their etiology and relevance is unclear. HSCs may be anatomical variations, or result from pathology. We assessed the presence of HSCs, and their cross-sectional association with demographics, vascular risk factors and cognitive functioning in two study samples. Within a random sample of 92 patients with vascular disease from t

Characterizing the human hippocampus in aging and Alzheimer's disease using a computational atlas derived from ex vivo MRI and histology

Although the hippocampus is one of the most studied structures in the human brain, limited quantitative data exist on its 3D organization, anatomical variability, and effects of disease on its subregions. Histological studies provide restricted reference information due to their 2D nature. In this paper, high-resolution (∼200 × 200 × 200 μm3) ex vivo MRI scans of 31 human hippocampal specimens are